A5077602350- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Space exploration and regulation
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2024
Johnson Space Center
2024
National Observatory of Athens
2024
NASA Research Park
2021
Heliophysics
2020
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2016
Goddard Space Flight Center
2012-2014
Southwest Research Institute
2004-2007
Kiel University
1999-2003
University of Michigan
2001-2002
The Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft, containing the Curiosity rover, was launched to on 26 November 2011, and for most of 253-day, 560-million-kilometer cruise Mars, Radiation Assessment Detector made detailed measurements energetic particle radiation environment inside spacecraft. These data provide insights into hazards that would be associated with a human mission Mars. We report dose, dose equivalent, linear energy transfer spectra. equivalent even shortest round-trip current...
We determined radiogenic and cosmogenic noble gases in a mudstone on the floor of Gale Crater. A K-Ar age 4.21 ± 0.35 billion years represents mixture detrital authigenic components confirms expected antiquity rocks comprising crater rim. Cosmic-ray-produced (3)He, (21)Ne, (36)Ar yield concordant surface exposure ages 78 30 million years. Surface occurred mainly present geomorphic setting rather than during primary erosion transport. Our observations are consistent with deposition shortly...
After decades of observations solar energetic particles from space-based observatories, relevant questions on particle injection, transport, and acceleration remain open. To address these scientific topics, accurate measurements the properties in inner heliosphere are needed. In this paper we describe Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), an instrument suite that is part payload aboard Solar Orbiter mission. will approach Sun as close 0.28 au provide extra-ecliptic beyond ∼30° heliographic...
Abstract The severe geomagnetic effects of solar storms or coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are to a large degree determined by their propagation direction with respect Earth. There is lack understanding the processes that determine non-radial propagation. Here we present synthesis data from seven different space missions fast CME, which originated in an active region near disk centre and, hence, significant impact was forecasted. However, CME demonstrated be channelled during eruption into...
The sudden and prompt occurrence of solar energetic particle events poses a hazard to manned space activities interferes with robotic science missions. This study demonstrates the possibility short‐term forecasting appearance intensity ion by means relativistic, near–light speed electrons. A list most severe proton measured GOES 8 in years 1996–2002 serves as basis derive fundamentals method statistical superposed epoch techniques. Comprehensive Suprathermal Energetic Particle Analyzer...
Abstract We discuss observations of the journey throughout Solar System a large interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) that was ejected at Sun on 14 October 2014. The ICME hit Mars 17 October, as observed by Express, Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Mission (MAVEN), Odyssey, Science Laboratory (MSL) missions, 44 h before encounter planet with Siding‐Spring comet, for which space weather context is provided. It reached comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko, perfectly aligned 3.1 AU, Rosetta...
We have measured H + , He ++ and distribution functions over the solar wind through suprathermal energy range during two corotating interaction region (CIR) events observed by STICS, MASS, STEP instruments on board Wind spacecraft at 1 AU April May 1995. The major properties we find are as follows: In (∼10–500 keV/nucleon), particle intensities peak inside CIR itself, in compressed decelerated fast wind, contrast to situation MeV energies, where outside wind. of change smoothly from core...
[1] We are preparing to return humans the Moon and setting stage for exploration Mars beyond. However, it is unclear if long missions outside of low-Earth orbit can be accomplished with acceptable risk. The central objective a new modeling project, Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Exposure Module (EMMREM), develop validate numerical module characterizing time-dependent radiation exposure in interplanetary space environments. EMMREM being designed broad use by researchers predict integrating over...
Context: The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) has been measuring radiation environment surface of since August 6th 2012. MSL-RAD is first instrument to provide detailed information about charged and neutral particle spectra dose rates Martian surface, one primary objectives RAD investigation help improve validate current transport models.
The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) measures linear energy transfer by Galactic Rays (GCRs) and Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Mission in a circular, polar lunar orbit. GCR fluxes remain at highest levels ever observed during space age. One largest SEP events CRaTER LRO mission occurred June 7, 2011. We compare model predictions Earth‐Moon‐Mars Environment Module (EMMREM) both dose rates from GCRs SEPs this event with results...
Abstract The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD)—situated inside the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover—is first ever instrument to measure energetic particle radiation environment on surface of Mars. To fully understand influence this field in terms potential hazard life, a detailed knowledge its composition is necessary. Charged particles are major component environment, both galactic cosmic rays propagating Martian and secondary created by interactions these with atoms atmosphere...
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity, measures energetic charged and neutral particles radiation dose rate on surface of Mars. An important factor for determining biological impact Martian is specific contribution neutrons, with their deeper penetration depth ensuing high effectiveness. This very difficult to measure quantitatively, resulting in considerable uncertainties total dose. In contrast particles, (neutrons gamma rays)...
Abstract On 10 September 2017, solar energetic particles originating from the active region 12673 produced a ground level enhancement at Earth. The on surface of Mars, 160 longitudinally east Earth, observed by Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) was largest since landing Curiosity rover in August 2012. Based multipoint coronagraph images and Graduated Cylindrical Shell model, we identify initial 3‐D kinematics an extremely fast coronal mass ejection (CME) its shock front, as well another...
Context. On 2020 November 29, the first widespread solar energetic particle (SEP) event of cycle 25 was observed at four widely separated locations in inner (≲1 AU) heliosphere. Relativistic electrons as well protons with energies > 50 MeV were by Solar Orbiter (SolO), Parker Probe, Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A and multiple near-Earth spacecraft. The SEP associated an M4.4 class X-ray flare accompanied a coronal mass ejection extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave type II radio...
The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), on board Mars Science Laboratory's (MSL) rover Curiosity, measures the energy spectra of both energetic charged and neutral particles along with radiation dose rate at surface Mars. With these first-ever measurements Martian surface, RAD observed several effects influencing galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) induced concurrently: (a) short-term diurnal variations atmospheric pressure caused by daily thermal tides, (b) long-term seasonal changes in atmosphere,...
Abstract The Radiation Assessment Detector onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity is detecting energetic particle radiation at surface of Mars. Data collected over first 350 Martian days nominal mission show a pronounced diurnal cycle in both total dose rate and neutral count rate. variations detected by were neither anticipated nor previously considered literature. These cyclic are shown to be result changes atmospheric column mass driven thermal tide that characterized through...
Aims: To predict the cruise radiation environment related to future human missions Mars, correlation between solar modulation potential and dose rate measured by Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) has been analyzed empirical models have employed quantify this correlation. Methods: The instrument RAD, onboard Mars Science Laboratory's (MSL) rover Curiosity, measures a broad spectrum of energetic particles along with during 253-day phase as well on surface Mars. With these first ever...
Abstract Dose rate measurements from Mars Science Laboratory‐radiation assessment detector (MSL‐RAD) for 300 sols on are compared to simulation results using the Badhwar‐O'Neill 2011 galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment model and high‐charge energy transport (HZETRN) code. For nuclear interactions of primary GCR through atmosphere Curiosity rover, quantum multiple scattering theory fragmentation is used. Daily atmospheric pressure measured at Gale Crater by MSL Rover Environmental...
Abstract The Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) instrument suite on Parker Solar Probe ( PSP ) spacecraft is making in situ observations energetic ions and electrons closer to than any previous mission. Using data collected during its first two orbits, which reached perihelion distances 0.17 au, we have searched for <?CDATA ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$?> -rich solar particle (SEP) events under very quiet minimum conditions. On 2019-110–111 (April 20–21), SEPs were observed at...
Abstract The Earth‐Sun Lagrangian point 4 is a meta‐stable location at 1 AU from the Sun, 60° ahead of Earth's orbit. It has an uninterrupted view solar photosphere centered on W60, nominal magnetic field connection to Sun. Such mission its own would serve as remote sensing observatory that oversee entire radiation hemisphere with significant relevance for protecting Moon and Mars explorers exposure. In combination appropriately planned observatories L1 L5, three spacecraft provide 300°...
Abstract In this paper we explore the idea of using multi-spacecraft observations Jovian electrons to measure 3D distribution these particles in inner heliosphere. We present simulations electron intensities along selected spacecraft trajectories for 2021 and compare these, admittedly qualitatively, measurements. Using data–model comparison emphasize how such a study can be used constrain transport parameters heliosphere, lead additional insight into energetic particle transport. Model...