In this study, we aimed at investigating whether it is indeed the spatial magnitude representation that links number line estimation performance to other basic numerical and arithmetic competencies. Therefore, estimations of 45 fourth-graders in both a bounded new unbounded task (with only start-point unit given) were correlated with their variety tasks including addition, subtraction, comparison. Assuming assess same underlying mental representation, should also be associated However,...

Number line estimation (i.e., indicating the position of a given number on physical line) is standard assessment children's spatial representation magnitude. Importantly, there an ongoing debate question in how far bounded task version with start and endpoint (e.g., 0 100) might induce specific strategies thus may not allow for unbiased inferences underlying representation. Recently, new unbounded was suggested only point unit fixed distance from to 1). In adults this provided less biased...

Little research has examined whether the effects of race or socioeconomic status (SES) on educational attitudes differ by gender, limiting knowledge unique vulnerabilities occurring at intersection multiple social statuses. Using data from 182 sixth-graders, interactions between race/ethnicity, and SES in predicting aspirations, persistence, views science, self-efficacy are examined. African American Latino boys express more negative relative to (1) higher-SES boys, (2) White (3) girls any...

Misalignment of educational and career goals (i.e., aspirations expressed are inadequate for attaining one’s desired occupation) is associated with lower attainment a lack college readiness, may contribute to persistent employment disparities. Drawing on data from 249 sixth graders in low-income schools, this research examines misalignment between across racial ethnic socioeconomic groups. Findings indicate that students schools aspire middle upper class careers, but sometimes an...

African American women are positioned at the intersection of multiple disadvantaged statuses and disproportionately affected by criminal justice policies, as evinced their increased likelihood incarceration. Yet they continue to be overlooked in mainstream criminological research. Using data from 418 B-WISE (Black Women a Study Epidemics) project, present study investigates relationship between several prominent stressors occurring five social contexts thinking coping strategy. Findings...

The current paper focuses on the description and evaluation of a two-year STEM intervention targeting underserved middle schools students from minority low SES backgrounds.Middle school low-income backgrounds (n = 166) were targeted to participate in two-year, intensive, hands-on science technology increase their interest biomedical health sciences. Quantitative qualitative data collected TRY-IT! Students as well control group that did not intervention, teachers, parents assess changes...

A growing body of recent research has identified that “rave” attendees are at high risk for the use “club drugs,” such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”). Rave attendees, however, comprise only one several club-going populations. In current study, we explore prevalence ecstasy and other club drug (EOCD) among a sample in Washington, DC. Data were collected from adult, primarily homosexual, during summer 2003. collection was scheduled between 11 p.m. 3 a.m. Participation...

The traditional criminal justice curriculum typically covers the three c's – cops, courts, and corrections. In addition, students can usually choose from a variety of discipline-related special topics courses to satisfy requirements their major or minor in justice. However, what is missing most curricula for future professionals face-to-face interaction with very individuals they will spend good part careers those who have been accused sentenced law-breaking behaviors. current paper...

Objective: This study explores whether and what differences exist between German American adolescents on levels of alcohol use measures protective factors as well risk with regard to consonant societal cultural differences. Method: A series negative binomial regression models adolescent is examined data from Germany the United States 2003 European School Survey Project Alcohol Other Drugs Monitoring Future. Results: Despite mean in drinking, findings emphasize significance deviant peers...

Theories of substance use highlight the importance sociocultural environment in understanding and explaining prevalence patterns adolescent use. The likelihood to engage is said be influenced by key social, structural economic forces associated with adolescents' demographic socioeconomic background. Even though need for cross-cultural applications existing theoretical frameworks apparent, relationships posited theories have mostly been tested US samples. In current article, data from 2003...

The "rave" phenomenon has been a major element in the resurgence of psychedelic drug use Western society. Purportedly central to raves is "club drugs," such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy"). To date, however, no studies have attempted estimate MDMA dependence among rave attendees. In current study, personal data were collected from 154 adult rave" attendees along Baltimore-Washington corridor between September and November 2002. Center for Substance Abuse Research...

This paper adds to research on girls' growing educational advantage by examining gender differences in career paths. Using baseline data from an intervention study (TRY-IT!) targeting 265 sixth-graders Title I schools, our traces adolescent aspirations gender, race and class. Additionally, we investigate whether girls boys exhibit differential sensitivity environmental risk protective factors that shape aspirations. We find the choices of vary more widely social context, including...