O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as mudanças trazidas pela política externa do primeiro governo Lula da Silva (2003-2006). Para discutir o tema, utilizaremos trabalho de Hermann (1990) sobre motivações das na dos Estados, integrando-o com insights construtivistas, que são úteis para examinar papel idéias formulação brasileira depois 2003. complementar nossa análise, três noções - "autonomia distância", participação" e diversificação" explicam principais transformações pelas quais passou a...

One of the most robust findings on political institutions is that compulsory voting (CV) reduces participation gap between poorer and wealthier voters. We present evidence in Brazil, largest country to use such a rule, CV increases inequality turnout. individual-level data 140 million Brazilian citizens two age-based discontinuities estimate heterogeneous effects by educational achievement, strong proxy for socioeconomic status. Evidence from both thresholds shows causal effect turnout among...

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyse the changes brought about by foreign policy Lula's first administration (2003 – 06). To discuss topic, we will make use three notions: autonomy through distance, participation and diversification. These notions explain main occurring in Brazilian from 1980 mid-2000s. We conclude demonstrating how diversification notion best applies 2003 06 period.

This paper provides a quantitative examination of the link between political institutions and deaths during first 100 days COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate that countries with more democratic experienced on larger per capita scale sooner than less countries. The result is robust to inclusion many relevant controls, battery estimation techniques, instruments for institutional measures we consider. Additionally, examine extent which were impacted heterogeneously by policy responses across...

This article provides a quantitative examination of the link between political institutions and deaths during first 100 days COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate that countries with more democratic experienced on larger per capita scale than less countries. The result is robust to inclusion many relevant controls, battery estimation techniques instrumental variables for institutional measures. Additionally, we examine extent which were impacted heterogeneously by policy responses across types...

Previous research has shown that more democratic countries suffered greater COVID-19 deaths per capita and implemented policy measures were less effective at reducing than in the early stages of pandemic (Cepaluni et al. 2020, Cheibub 2020). But to what extent is this "autocratic advantage" driven by populist governments democracies? This chapter presents new evidence documented effect not subset democracies have governments. While across entire sample, populism associated with a death toll...

Abstract Can electoral incentives mitigate racial and class prejudices toward underrepresented groups? We use a pair of large‐scale field experiments to investigate the responsiveness Brazilian legislative candidates information requests from fictitious voters before after 2010 elections. Our panel study design allows us examine how politicians’ jointly affect their with randomly assigned socioeconomic partisan characteristics. Distinguishing between prejudiced strategic discrimination in...

This paper provides a quantitative examination of the link between political institutions and deaths during first 100 days COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate that countries with more democratic experienced on larger per capita scale sooner than less countries. The result is robust to inclusion many relevant controls, battery estimation techniques, instruments for institutional measures we consider. Additionally, examine extent which were impacted heterogeneously by policy responses across...

Abstract How does legislature size impact public service provision? Despite the importance of institutional design for democratic governance, effect legislative features on citizen welfare remains little understood. In this article, we use a formal model to show that increasing improves goods delivery. We argue changes in bargaining costs depend whether additional legislators share executive's party affiliation: More opposition members reduce equilibrium provision, while more...

Objective: This paper quantitatively explores determinants of governments' non-pharmaceutical policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our focus is on extent which geographic mobility affected stringency governmental responses. Methods: Using cross-country, daily frequency data and during 2020, we investigate some COVID-19. In order causally identify effect stringency, pursue an instrumental variable strategy that exploits climate arguably exogenous variation in mobility. Results: We find...

What does it take to make a coalition successful? Bigger coalitions are more likely be successful because the GATT/WTO is consensus-based institution and countries informally penalized if they isolate themselves. Through Bayesian statistical analysis, article corroborates above hypothesis. To further investigate research question, qualitative case studies of G-10 in Uruguay Round Public Health Coalition Doha conducted. These cases show that convincing framing position, better chances keeping...

Este artigo mostra que não existe apenas uma única teoria sobre regimes internacionais, mas um conjunto de estudos teóricos e empíricos que, isoladamente ou em conjunto, constituem "teoria geral" das relações internacionais. Três abordagens resumem os principais debates regimes: o realismo-estrutural, neoliberalismo cognitivismo. A primeira perspectiva - a realista considera poder é principal conceito para explicar O interesse noção analítica entender criação manutenção dos regimes....

How does legislature size impact public service provision? Despite the importance of institutional design for democratic governance, effect legislative features on citizen welfare remains little understood. In this paper, we use a formal model to show that increasing improves goods delivery. We argue changes in bargaining costs depend whether additional legislators share executive's party affiliation: More opposition members reduce equilibrium provision, while more government-aligned...

Coalition-formation is an important tool to leverage countries' bargaining power in GATT/WTO negotiations. Unlike the "weapons of weak" reasoning, several econometric models and specifications show that larger economies have a higher probability joining coalitions. Challenging view middle powers distinguishable collectivist behavior, even non-linear relationship between GDP coalition entry has linear shape. Large join coalitions more often because they are better equipped absorb transaction...

What is the effect of legislature size on public service provision? While literature relates to representation and government expenditure, its implications for welfare remain understudied. In this paper, we investigate effects welfare, exploiting exogenous changes in city-council Brazil between 2005 2008. We show that adding a legislator improves education health care. However, results prove true services are believed be highly salient voters, easiest claim credit for, easy provide. sense,...

This paper quantitatively explores determinants of governments' non-pharmaceutical policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our focus is on extent which geographic mobility affected stringency governmental responses. Using daily data since beginning 2020, we find that societies are more geographically mobile have less stringent. We pursue an instrumental variable strategy exploits climate identify arguably exogenous variation in levels, lends a causal interpretation our results. One...