A5002913273- MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Pharmacological Effects of Natural Compounds
- interferon and immune responses
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
- Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2017-2020
Johns Hopkins University
2017-2020
Vesicles shed from astrocytes after brain trauma trigger hepatic cytokine release to mobilize the peripheral immune response.
Abstract Astrocytes are known to be critical regulators of neuronal function. However, relatively few mediators astrocyte neuron communication have been identified. Recent advancements in the biology extracellular vesicles begun implicate derived (ADEV) as communication, suggesting that alterations release and/or composition ADEVs could influence gliotransmission. TNFα and IL-1β key glial activation damage, but effects these cytokines on or molecular is unknown. We found released response...
Gangliosides are major cell-surface determinants on all vertebrate neurons. Human congenital disorders of ganglioside biosynthesis invariably result in intellectual disability and often associated with intractable seizures. To probe the mechanisms functions, affinity-captured ganglioside-binding proteins from rat cerebellar granule neurons were identified by quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry. Of six that bound selectively to brain GT1b (GT1b:GM1 > 4; p < 10 −4 ), three regulate...
Brain injury and inflammation induces a local release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from astrocytes carrying proteins, RNAs, microRNAs into the circulation. When these reach liver, they stimulate secretion cytokines that mobilize peripheral immune cell infiltration brain, which can cause secondary tissue damage impair recovery. Recent studies suggest suppression EV biosynthesis through neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) inhibition may represent new therapeutic strategy. Unfortunately,...
All vertebrate cell surfaces display a dense glycan layer often terminated with sialic acids, which have multiple functions due to their location and diverse modifications. The major acids in most mammalian tissues are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) N-glycolylneuraminic (Neu5Gc), the latter being derived from Neu5Ac via addition of one oxygen atom at sugar nucleotide level by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (Cmah). Contrasting other organs that express various ratios Neu5Gc depending on variable...
Targeting a sphingomyelin hydrolase improves the structure of remyelinated fibers in mouse model multiple sclerosis.
Abstract For reasons that are not completely understood, remyelination is often incomplete, producing thin myelin sheaths with disorganized structure. We investigated the cellular basis for this altered structure, and found response of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), mature oligodendrocytes to TNFα IL-1β modified by expression sphingomyelin hydrolase nSMase2. OPCs do express nSMase2, exhibit a protective these cytokines manifest decreased ceramide, increased sphingosine 1-phosphate,...