A5048976964- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Climate variability and models
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
- Marine and fisheries research
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Geological formations and processes
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Marine and environmental studies
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Maritime Navigation and Safety
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Aquatic and Environmental Studies
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
National Oceanography Centre
2016-2025
Southampton City Council
2025
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
2024
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre
2024
University of Southampton
2000-2021
NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories
2018
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2018
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2018
University of Miami
2018
University of Reading
1999
This paper describes the fluid mechanics of natural ventilation a space connected to large body stationary ambient fluid. The flows are driven by buoyancy differences between interior and exterior fluids. Connections with high level low openings. Two main forms identified: mixing displacement ventilation. Mixing occurs when incoming mixes within space, as is, case if dense enters through inlet. In this vertical stratification is weak. Displacement at levels displaces lighter out A strong...
Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is responsible for a variable and climatically important northward transport of heat. Using data from an array instruments that span the at 26°N, we show AMOC has been in state reduced overturning since 2008 as compared to 2004–2008. This change concurrent with other changes North such shift broadening Gulf Stream altered patterns heat content sea surface temperature. These resemble response declining predicted by coupled...
Abstract. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been observed continuously at 26° N since April 2004. AMOC and its component parts are monitored by combining a transatlantic array of moored instruments with submarine-cable-based measurements the Gulf Stream satellite derived Ekman transport. time series recently extended to October 2012 results show downward trend From 2008 March 2012, was an average 2.7 Sv (1 = 106 m3 s−1) weaker than in first four years observation...
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout South and sinking carbon nutrients into deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes AMOC both herald drive climate shifts. Intensive trans-basin observational systems have been put in place continuously monitor meridional volume transport variability, some cases, heat, freshwater transport. These programs used diagnose magnitude...
The exchange between the Persian (Arabian) Gulf and Indian Ocean is investigated using hydrographic moored acoustic Doppler current profiler data from Straits of Hormuz during period December 1996 to March 1998. time series records show a relatively steady deep outflow through strait 40 m bottom with mean speed approximately 20 cm/s. A variable flow found in upper layer frequent reversals on timescales several days weeks. annual near‐surface be northeastward (out Gulf) southern part strait,...
The spatial distribution of turbulent dissipation rates and internal wavefield characteristics is analyzed across two contrasting regimes the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), using microstructure finestructure data collected as part Diapycnal Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in Southern Ocean (DIMES). Mid‐depth are found to increase from Southeast Pacific Scotia Sea, typically reaching within a kilometer seabed. Enhanced levels mixing associated with strong near‐bottom flows, rough...
The OceanGliders program started in 2016 to support active coordination and enhancement of global glider activity. contributes the international efforts Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) for Climate, Health, Operational Services. It brings together marine scientists engineers operating gliders around world: (1) observe long-term physical, biogeochemical, biological ocean processes phenomena that are relevant societal applications; and, (2) contribute GOOS through real-time delayed mode...
Abstract. The strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at 26∘ N has now been continuously measured by RAPID array over period April 2004–September 2018. This record provides unique insight into variability large-scale ocean circulation, previously only sporadic snapshots basin-wide transport from hydrographic sections. continuous measurements have unveiled striking on timescales days to a decade, driven largely wind forcing, contrasting with previous expectations...
Abstract Northward ocean heat transport at 26°N in the Atlantic Ocean has been measured since 2004. The is large—approximately 1.25 PW, and on interannual time scales it exhibits surprisingly large temporal variability. There a long-term reduction of 0.17 PW from 1.32 before 2009 to 1.15 after (2009–16) an annual average basis associated with 2.5-Sv (1 Sv ≡ 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) drop meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). AMOC cooled freshened upper north over area following offshore edge Gulf...
Abstract. A decline in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength has been observed between 2004 and 2012 by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID – Meridional Overturning Circulation Heatflux Array Western Boundary Time Series, hereafter RAPID array) with this weakened state of AMOC persisting until 2017. Climate model paleo-oceanographic research suggests that may have declining for decades or even centuries before this; however direct observations are sparse prior to 2004, giving...
Key Points The AMOC is a system of ocean currents that move heat and carbon around the planet predicted to decline in future has been directly measured since 2000s, but we now have observation systems place can verify We look at how these might develop consider they fit an optimized Atlantic observing
Continuous measurements of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and ocean heat transport at 26.5° N began in April 2004 are currently available through December 2020. Approximately 90% total (MHT) is carried by zonally averaged circulation, an even larger fraction variability (approx. 95%) explained overturning. A physically based separation into large-scale AMOC, gyre shallow wind-driven components remains challenging requires new investigations approaches. We review major...
Abstract The underwater glider is set to become an important platform for oceanographers gather data within oceans. Gliders are usually equipped with a conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensor, but wide range of other sensors have been fitted gliders. In the present work, authors aim at measuring vertical water velocity. velocity obtained by subtracting relative from surface. latter pressure sensor. For former, quasi-static model planar flight developed. requires three calibration...
[1] Observations show that the upper 2 km of subtropical North Atlantic Ocean cooled throughout 2010 and remained cold until at least December 2011. We these anomalies are partly driven by anomalous air-sea exchange during winters 2009/2010 2010/2011 and, more surprisingly, extreme interannual variability in ocean's northward heat transport 26.5°N. This cooling meridional affects deeper layers isolated from atmosphere on annual timescales water is entrained into winter mixed layer thus...
Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has been observed continuously at 26° N since April 2004. AMOC and its component parts are monitored by combining a transatlantic array of moored instruments with submarine-cable based measurements the Gulf Stream satellite derived Ekman transport. time series recently extended to October 2012 results show downward trend From April~2008 March was an average 2.7 Sv weaker than in first four years observation (95% confidence that...