A5021742030- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Marine and fisheries research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Climate change and permafrost
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Marine and environmental studies
- Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- Geological formations and processes
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Aquatic and Environmental Studies
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
National Oceanography Centre
2015-2024
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
2023
UNSW Sydney
2018-2020
University of Exeter
2020
University of Southampton
2006-2019
Southampton City Council
2011
An array of overturning data The Atlantic meridional circulation (AMOC) has a strong influence on climate, so it is important to understand how global warming may affect it. Lozier et al. report initial results from the Overturning in Subpolar North Program (OSNAP) (see Perspective by Rhein). OSNAP been measuring flux water transported high latitudes Atlantic. measurements reveal variability transport region and show that deep formation Labrador Sea not, as previously believed, be major...
Abstract The Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation is important to the climate system because it carries heat and carbon northward, from surface deep ocean. high salinity of subpolar North a prerequisite for circulation, strong freshening could herald slowdown. We show that eastern underwent extreme during 2012 2016, with magnitude never seen before in 120 years measurements. cause was unusual winter wind patterns driving major changes ocean including slowing Current diversion Arctic...
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout South and sinking carbon nutrients into deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes AMOC both herald drive climate shifts. Intensive trans-basin observational systems have been put in place continuously monitor meridional volume transport variability, some cases, heat, freshwater transport. These programs used diagnose magnitude...
Abstract For decades oceanographers have understood the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to be primarily driven by changes in production of deep-water formation subpolar and subarctic North Atlantic. Indeed, current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections an AMOC slowdown twenty-first century based climate models are attributed inhibition deep convection However, observational evidence for this linkage has been elusive: there no clear demonstration...
The subpolar North Atlantic represents a key region for global climate, but most numerical models still have well-described limitations in correctly simulating the local circulation patterns. Here, we present analysis of 30-year run with eddy-resolving (1/12°) version NEMO ocean model. Compared to 1° and 1/4° equivalent versions, this simulation more realistically shape Subpolar Gyre, position Current, Gulf Stream separation. Other improvements are found representation boundary currents,...
Hydrographic time series in the northeast North Atlantic and Nordic Seas show that freshening trend of 1960s–1990s has completely reversed upper ocean. Since 1990s temperature salinity have rapidly increased Inflow from eastern subpolar gyre to Fram Strait. In 2003–2006 values reached previous maximum last observed around 1960, exceeded records. The mean properties decrease northwards, but variations seen at 57°N persist with same amplitude pattern along pathways Time correlations extreme...
Abstract Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which have potential to drive societally-important climate impacts, traditionally been linked strength of deep water formation subpolar North Atlantic. Yet there is neither clear observational evidence nor agreement among models about how changes influence overturning. Here, we use data from a trans-basin mooring array (OSNAP—Overturning Subpolar Program) show that winter convection during 2014–2018 interior basin had...
Abstract Significant societally important climate impacts can be caused by changes in the strength of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at higher latitudes. Focusing on variability and long‐term change subpolar North (SPNA)—a key AMOC action center—and using eastern OSNAP array observations, we identify a distinct density sea‐surface height signature Irminger Sea (2014–2018), reinforced extended with an ocean reanalysis (1993–2018). Reconstruction shows strong control...
Abstract Understanding the variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is essential for better predictions our changing climate. Here we present an updated time series (August 2014 to June 2020) from in Subpolar North Program. The 6-year allows us observe seasonality subpolar overturning and meridional heat freshwater transports. peaks late spring reaches a minimum early winter, with peak-to-trough range 9.0 Sv. seasonal timing can be explained by winter transformation export...
Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the global climate system through its transport heat and freshwater. subpolar North (SPNA) region where AMOC actively developed shaped though mixing water mass transformation large amounts are released to atmosphere. Two hydrographic transbasin sections in summers 2014 2016 provide highly spatially resolved views SPNA velocity property fields on line from Canada Greenland Scotland. Estimates AMOC, isopycnal...
Abstract The standard view of the overturning circulation emphasizes role convection, yet for waters to contribute overturning, they must not only be transformed higher densities but also exported equatorward. From novel mooring observations in Irminger Sea (2014–2016), we describe two water masses that are formed by convection and show have different rates export western boundary current. Upper Intermediate Water appears form near current is rapidly within 3 months its formation. Deep forms...
Abstract The Extended Ellett Line (EEL) hydrographic section extends from Scotland to Iceland crossing the Rockall Trough, Hatton‐Rockall Basin, and Basin. With 61 full‐depth stations at a horizontal resolution of 10–50 km, EEL samples upper limb Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation flowing across Iceland‐Scotland Ridge into Nordic Seas. Trough has been sampled nearly four times per year 1975 1996, full annually since 1996. is an exceptionally long‐time series deep ocean temperatures...
Abstract While it has generally been understood that the production of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) impacts Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC), this relationship not explored extensively or validated against observations. To explore relationship, a suite global ocean–sea ice models forced by same interannually varying atmospheric dataset, in resolution from non-eddy-permitting to eddy-permitting (1°–1/4°), is analyzed investigate local and downstream relationships between LSW...
Abstract While reasonable knowledge of multidecadal Arctic freshwater storage variability exists, we have little exports on similar time scales. A hydrographic series from the Labrador Shelf, spanning seven decades at annual resolution, is here used to quantify Ocean export west Greenland. Output a high-resolution coupled ice–ocean model establish representativeness those sections. Clear decadal emerges, with high transports during 1950s and 1970s–80s, low in 1960s mid-1990s 2016, typical...
Abstract. Observations of the eastern subpolar North Atlantic in 2010s show exceptional freshening and cooling upper ocean, peaking 2016 with lowest salinities recorded for 120 years. Published theories mechanisms driving include: reduced transport saltier, warmer surface waters northwards from subtropics associated meridional overturning; shifts pathways fresher, cooler water Labrador Sea driven by changing patterns wind stress; eastward expansion gyre. Using output a high-resolution...
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 215:283-287 (2001) - doi:10.3354/meps215283 Pulses in eastern margin current and warmer water off north west European shelf linked North Sea ecosystem changes Philip C. Reid1,*, N. Penny Holliday2, Tim J. Smyth3 1Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, 1 Walker Terrace, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3BN,...
Development, spreading and decay of the thermohaline properties two Labrador Sea Water (LSW) classes are described. During development phase, a specific LSW class repeatedly mixed by winter convection in becomes colder, denser, thicker deeper. Once weakens, isolated from upper layer starts to decay, rapidly losing its volume while retaining same density due isopycnal mixing with neighbouring warm saline intermediate waters. A similar pattern temperature, salinity is seen other basins...
The east Greenland current (EGC) and the smaller coastal (EGCC) provide major conduit for cold fresh polar water to enter lower latitudes of North Atlantic. They flow equatorward through western Irminger Basin around Cape Farewell into Labrador Sea. surface circulation transport boundary region in summer 2005 is described. EGCC merges with Arctic waters EGC south Farewell, forming west current. decreases from 15.5 Sv 11.7 eastern Sea (where becomes known as Water). decrease balanced by...
Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system, including in atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, many observed unprecedented instrumental records. As directly affect air quality of surrounding continents, it is important to fully understand how why taking place, not least predict region will change future. To this end, article characterizes recent region, especially period 2005–2016, different aspects system including: atmospheric circulation; composition; clouds...
Abstract The East Greenland Coastal Current (EGCC) is characterized as cold, low‐salinity polar waters flowing equatorward on the east shelf. It an important conduit of freshwater from Arctic Ocean, but our present understanding it poor, outside assortment measurements which stem mainly summertime visits by research vessels. This manuscript first describes moored instruments deployed shelf (∼63°N) between 2000 and 2004. are then used to show that a high‐resolution coupled ice‐ocean global...
Abstract The initial 2 years of Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program mooring data (2014–2016) provide first glimpse into seasonality freshwater complete East Greenland Current system. Using a set eight moorings southeast at 60 ∘ N, we find two distinct, persistent velocity cores on shelf and slope. These are Coastal Current, which carries cold, fresh water from Arctic along shelf, Greenland/Irminger over slope, is combination waters warm, salty origin. Together, these currents...