Liquid foams are classified into a dry foam and wet foam, empirically judging from the liquid fraction or shape of gas bubbles. It is known that physical properties such as elasticity diffusion different between foam. Nevertheless, definitions those states have been vague dry-wet transition has not clarified yet. Here we show closely related to rearrangement bubbles, by simultaneously analysing change bubbles entire in two dimensional In addition, also find new state quite low fraction,...

Macroscopic patterns in nature formed during crystal growth e.g. snow crystals have a significant influence on many material properties, such as macroscopic heat conduction, electrical and mechanical even with the same microscopic structure. Although morphology has been extensively studied bulk, formation of induced by re-crystallization evaporation is still unclear. Here, we find way to obtain concentric circles, dendritic pattern, lattice pattern pinning edge droplets using coffee ring...

Chemotactic responses of Dictyostelium discoideum cells to periodic self-generated signals extracellular cAMP comprise a large number intricate morphological changes on different length scales. Here, we scrutinized chemotaxis single under conditions starvation using variety optical, electrical and acoustic methods. Amebas were seeded gold electrodes displaying impedance oscillations that simultaneously analyzed by optical video microscopy relate synchronous in cell density, morphology,...

The formation of a defect lattice--i.e., periodic orientational structure numerous pairs--is experimentally investigated in the electroconvection nematics. Specific twist structures director as background field play an important role lattice. observed sequence is follows. With increasing applied voltage, normal rolls change into abnormal due to twisting deformation director. This process leads belt-shaped domains along rolls, which angle alternates between positive and negative angles....

Universal relationships between the medium excitability and angular velocity core radius of rigidly rotating spiral waves in excitable media are derived for situations where wave front is a trigger back phase wave. Two universal limits restricting region existence parameter space demonstrated. The predictions free-boundary approach good quantitative agreement with results from numerical reaction-diffusion simulations performed on Kessler-Levine model.

For soft-mode turbulence, which is essentially the spatiotemporal chaos caused by nonlinear interaction between convective modes and Goldstone in electroconvection of homeotropic nematics, a type order-disorder phase transition was revealed, new order parameter introduced as pattern ordering. We calculated spatial correlation function anisotropy patterns 2D $XY$ system because wave vector could freely rotate system. found hidden chaotic observed beyond Lifshitz frequency ${f}_{\mathrm{L}}$,...

We experimentally study heat transport in a gelatin solution near reversible sol-gel transition point where viscosity strongly depends on temperature. visualize the temperature field and velocity using thermochromic liquid crystals polystyrene latex particles, respectively. During initial stages of heating, we find that undergoes dynamical from conductive to convective. Subsequently, during later stages, observe dynamics are much more complex than conventional thermal convections. At...

The states of foam are empirically classified into dry and wet by the volume fraction liquid. Recently, a transition between state has been found characterizing bubble shapes [Furuta et al., Sci. Rep. 6, 37506 (2016)2045-232210.1038/srep37506]. In literature, it is indirectly ascertained that from to form related onset rearrangement bubbles, namely, liquid at which bubbles become able move replace their positions. shape static property, dynamic property. Thus, we investigate relation event...

Abstract Patterns are often formed when particles cluster: Since patterns reflect the connectivity of different types material, emergence affects physical and chemical properties systems shares a close relationship to their macroscopic functions. A radial dendritic pattern (RDP) is observed in many such as snow crystals, polymer crystals biological systems. Although most these considered dense particle suspensions, mechanism RDP formation not yet understood. It should be noted that diffusion...

This paper reports the control of spatiotemporal intermittency in an electroconvective system a nematic liquid crystal. In intermittency, ordered structure [the defect lattice (DL)] coexists with turbulence. Control which turbulent state changes to DL, is achieved by few percent amplitude modulation applied ac voltage. The optimal frequency equal intrinsic oscillation DL. transition from DL occurs not nucleation domain, but penetration domain into one. through resonance respect that leads...

Much of early research on chaos from the viewpoint physics was performed using spatially confined convective systems. In extended systems, other hand, spatiotemporal occurs. However, there is no unified definition for term as chaos. To unify definition, a property common to three kinds observed in electroconvection nematic liquid crystals presented.

Two types of spatiotemporal chaos in the electroconvection nematic liquid crystals, such as defect turbulence and intermittency, have been statistically investigated according to Lagrangian picture. Here fluctuations are traced using motion a single particle driven by chaotic convection. In (fluctuating normal rolls), is mainly trapped roll but sometimes jumps neighboring roll. Its activation energy then obtained from jumping (hopping) rate. This research clarifies that diffusion regime can...

The transition to turbulence via 2-dimensional spatiotemporal intermittency observed in an electroconvective system of nematics is investigated experimentally. area fraction total turbulent domain was continuously increased with control parameter. Dynamic hysteresis the found by measurements for various ramp rate r parameter, and it vanished →0.

Adhesion of red blood cells (RBC) to substrates are one crucial problems for a clot. Here we investigate the mobility RBC between two glass in saline with polymer systems. We find that RBCs adhered substrate PEG, however steeply increases fibrinogen and dextran, which biopolymers. also affects an aggregation dynamics RBCs, is related diseases such as influenza, clot so on. The Brownian motion helps increase probability contact each other more stable condition aggregation. Thus biopolymers...

Recent work has shown that the primary mode for heat transport in a gelatin solution oscillates between convection and conduction. This dynamical change is induced by stagnant domain formation where there no flow. Here, we show this phenomenon does not occur only solution, but also Golden Syrup, which simple fluid. We investigate thermal Syrup find similar behaviors, such as formation. suggests origin of previously reported unusual accompanied should be viscoelastic feature solution.

The transition to turbulence in an electroconvective system of nematics separated by domain walls the in-plane director is studied observing temporal change image intensity. measured time series are analyzed sonogram method. In where structure formed abnormal roll instability, defect chaos appears as intermittent periodic oscillation limited walls. By increasing applied voltage, a lattice appears. higher voltage region, collapses and changes into local turbulent states. spatiotemporal...

This Letter reports a transition to spatiotemporal chaos (STC) in an electroconvective system of homeotropic nematic liquid crystal under symmetry breaking. The has continuous which leads the occurring STC at threshold for convection. When is broken by external field, periodic pattern appears first and then higher point. from investigated order parameters were obtained spectra convective patterns. results are compared with recent theoretical researches damped Nikolaevskiy equation.

The Kessler-Levine model is a two-component reaction-diffusion system that describes spatiotemporal dynamics of the messenger molecules in cell-to-cell signaling process during aggregation social amoeba cells. An excitation wave arising has phase at back, which simply follows front after fixed time interval with same propagation velocity. Generally speaking, medium excitability and refractoriness are two important factors determine spiral any excitable media. allows us to separate these...

Thermosensitive viscous fluids are ubiquitous in nature. Fluids the mantle, for example, bear a strong resemblance to systems whose viscosity strongly depends on temperature. Interesting phenomena can be observed such systems, e.g., formation of stagnant domain convective flows. Yet despite their ubiquity, clear understanding thermal convection dynamics these remains unclear, especially when conditions inhomogeneous space. Here, we report unique gelatin solution is cooled non-uniform manner...

The formation process and growth dynamics of the grid pattern, a cellular convective pattern in electroconvection nematic liquid crystals, are investigated. appears via disordered state called defect turbulence with increasing an applied voltage. averaged density increases voltage then defects that have been continuous creation annihilation frozen as cells forming domain structures. area fraction domains is adopted order parameter. temporal for step was also measured. By applying...

In contrast to the usual diffusive mixing process between two miscible liquids, ionic liquid [Cnmim][PF6] forms a droplet in water while mixing. The retains sharp interface with surface tension, gradually decreasing size until completely mixed water. This peculiar behavior accompanies one-way diffusion, which ions diffuse one direction only from bulk IL into continuum of activation energy diffusion at [Cnmim][PF6]/water increases increasing length hydrophobic alkyl chains attached cation...

In order to evaluate the physiological damage plants caused by osmotic stress, we have investigated relationship between inhibition of root elongation and spontaneous photon emission from root. Adzuki bean roots were soaked in polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions for short periods their early growth stage, length measured afterwards. Consequently, it became clear that decreased with increase PEG concentration. Moreover, there was a correlation intensity cell division area elongation, though...