Citrus huanglongbing is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. It spread by psyllids and associated with a low-titer, phloem-limited infection any three uncultured species α-Proteobacteria, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, ‘Ca. L. americanus’, africanus’. A complete circular asiaticus’ genome has been obtained metagenomics, using DNA extracted from single asiaticus’–infected psyllid. The 1.23-Mb an average 36.5% GC content. Annotation revealed high percentage genes involved in...

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), caused by three species of fastidious, phloem-limited 'Candidatus Liberibacter', is one the most destructive diseases citrus worldwide. To date, there no established cure for this century-old and yet, newly emerging disease. As a potential control strategy HLB, 31 antibiotics were screened effectiveness phytotoxicity using optimized graft-based screening system with Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las)-infected scions. Actidione Oxytetracycline phytotoxic to less than...

Zebra Chip (ZC) is an emerging plant disease that causes aboveground decline of potato shoots and generally results in unusable tubers. This has led to multi-million dollar losses for growers the central western United States over past decade impacts livelihood farmers Mexico New Zealand. ZC associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', a fastidious alpha-proteobacterium transmitted by phloem-feeding psyllid vector, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc. Research on this been hampered lack...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases citrus worldwide. The three known causal agents HLB are species α-proteobacteria: 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', 'Ca. L. africanus', and americanus'. Previous studies have found distinct variations in temperature sensitivity tolerance among these species. Here, we describe use controlled heat treatments to cure caused by prevalent heat-tolerant Using temperature-controlled growth chambers, evaluated time duration required...

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), or greening, is the most destructive citrus disease worldwide and threatening sustainability of industry in major citrus-growing regions. Various treatments have been proposed literature to manage disease. We review such conduct an economic analysis based on reported treatment effects fruit yield quality identify cost-effective management strategies. Our results suggest that, among we reviewed, broad-spectrum insecticides provide only strategy for mitigating...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is currently the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. Although there no immune cultivar, field tolerance to HLB within and relatives has been observed at USDA Picos farm Ft. Pierce, Florida, where plants have exposed a very high level pressure since 2006. In this study, we used RNA-Seq evaluate expression differences between two closely related cultivars after infection: HLB-tolerant 'Jackson' grapefruit-like-hybrid trees susceptible 'Marsh' grapefruit trees. A...

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus "Las" is a phloem-limited bacterial plant pathogen, and the most prevalent species of associated with citrus huanglongbing (HLB), devastating disease worldwide. Although complete sequence Las genome provides basis for studying functional genomics molecular mechanisms Las-plant interactions, characterization effectors remains slow process since to be cultured. Like other pathogens, may deliver effector proteins into host cells modulate variety cellular...

Early detection and rapid response are crucial to avoid severe epidemics of exotic pathogens. However, most methods (molecular, serological, chemical) logistically limited for large-scale survey outbreaks due intrinsic sampling issues laboratory throughput. Evaluation 10 canines trained a phytobacterial arboreal pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), demonstrated 0.9905 accuracy, 0.8579 sensitivity, 0.9961 specificity. In longitudinal study, cryptic CLas infections that remained...

Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a lethal disease of caused by several species 'Candidatus Liberibacter', psyllid-transmitted, phloem-limited, alpha proteobacteria. 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' widespread in Florida citrus. The recently published L. psy62 genome, derived from psyllid, revealed prophage-like region DNA the but phage have not been associated with to date. In present study, shotgun sequencing and fosmid library curated UF506, originally symptomatic for...

To examine the effect of pathogens on diversity and structure plant-associated bacterial communities, we carried out a molecular analysis using citrus huanglongbing as host-disease model. 16S rRNA gene clone library roots revealed shifts in microbial response to pathogen infection. The uninfected root samples has majority phylotypes showing similarity well-known plant growth-promoting bacteria, including Caulobacter, Burkholderia, Lysobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus,...

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases citrus worldwide and threatening survival Floridian industry. Currently, there no established cure for this century-old emerging disease. As a possible control strategy HLB, therapeutic compounds were screened using propagation test system with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-infected periwinkle plants. The results demonstrated that combination penicillin streptomycin (PS) was effective in eliminating or suppressing 'Ca....

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive citrus disease which threatens production worldwide and 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las), non-culturable phloem-limited bacterium, an associated causal agent of the disease. To better understand physiological molecular processes involved in host responses to Las, 2-DE mass spectrometry analyses, as well ICP spectroscopy analysis were employed elucidate global protein expression profiles nutrient concentrations leaves Las-infected...

Overexpression of plant pattern-recognition receptors by genetic engineering provides a novel approach to enhance immunity and broad-spectrum disease resistance. Citrus canker associated with Xanthomonas citri is one the most important diseases damaging citrus production worldwide. In this study, we cloned FLS2 gene from Nicotiana benthamiana cDNA inserted it into binary vector pBinPlus/ARS transform Hamlin sweet orange Carrizo citrange. Transgene presence was confirmed polymerase chain...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most serious disease affecting citrus industry worldwide to date. The causal agent, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), resides in phloem, which makes it difficult effectively treat with chemical compounds. In this study, a transcuticular nanoemulsion formulation was developed enhance permeation of an effective antimicrobial compound (ampicillin; Amp) against HLB through cuticle into phloem via foliar spray. results demonstrated that efficiency isolation using...

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive disease of citrus presumably caused by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las), gram-negative, insect-transmitted, phloem-limited α-proteobacterium. Although almost all plants are susceptible to HLB, reports have shown reduced susceptibility Las infection in lemon (Citrus limon) plants. The aim this study identify intra-species specific molecular mechanisms associated with Las-induced responses To achieve this, comparative 2-DE and mass...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus. The global citrus industry in urgent need effective chemical treatments for HLB control because its rapid spreading worldwide. Due to fastidious nature pathogens, and poor permissibility leaf surfaces, screening chemicals can be challenging. In this study, we developed a graft-based chemotherapy method rapidly screen potential HLB-controlling compounds. addition, improved transmission efficiency by using best HLB-affected...

"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" is a psyllid-transmitted, phloem-limited alphaproteobacterium and the most prevalent species of "Ca. Liberibacter" associated with devastating worldwide citrus disease known as huanglongbing (HLB). Two related hypervariable genes (hyv(I) hyv(II)) were identified in prophage regions Psy62 genome. Sequence analyses hyv(I) hyv(II) 35 DNA isolates collected globally revealed that gene contains up to 12 nearly identical tandem repeats (NITRs, 132 bp) 4 partial...

Huanglongbing (HLB), a destructive plant bacterial disease, severely impedes worldwide citrus production. HLB is associated with phloem-limited α-proteobacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las). Las infection causes yellow shoots and blotchy mottle on leaves excessive starch accumulation. However, the mechanisms underlying accumulation remain unknown. We previously showed that Las5315mp effector induced callose deposition cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. In this study, we...

Huanglongbing (HLB) is presently the most devastating citrus disease worldwide. As an intracellular plant pathogen and insect symbiont, HLB bacterium, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las), retains entire flagellum-encoding gene cluster in its significantly reduced genome. Las encodes a flagellin hook-associated protein (Fla) of 452 amino acids that contains conserved 22 acid domain (flg22) at positions 29 to 50 N-terminus. The phenotypic alteration motility Sinorhizobium meliloti mutant...

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) is a fastidious, phloem-restricted pathogen with significantly reduced genome, and attacks all citrus species no immune cultivars documented to date. Like other plant bacterial pathogens, Las deploys effector proteins into the organelles of cells, such as mitochondria chloroplasts manipulate host immunity physiology. These are responsible for synthesis adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have critical role in signaling during hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)...

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is extremely difficult to control because the psyllid-transmitted bacterial pathogen resides inside citrus phloem and disease systemic. In Florida, nine billion dollar industry has been significantly impacted by severe HLB epidemics. To combat HLB, in this study we implemented an integrated strategy that includes chemotherapy, thermotherapy, additional nutrition treatment three different field trials over consecutive years. these trials, only trees already showing...

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) is one of the causal agents huanglongbing (HLB), most devastating disease citrus worldwide. Due to intracellular lifestyle and significant genome reduction, culturing Las in vitro has proven be extremely challenging. In this study, we optimized growth conditions developed a semi-selective medium based on results nutritional antibiotic screening assays. Using these conditions, were able grow LG liquid with ca.100- 1000-fold increase, which peaked after...