Emanuel H. Martin
A5045026507- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Forest Management and Policy
- Plant and animal studies
- Forest ecology and management
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
- Environmental Conservation and Management
- Rabies epidemiology and control
College of African Wildlife Management
2015-2025
Brigham Young University
2020
Tanzania National Parks
2013-2016
Sokoine University of Agriculture
2014-2016
The biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on ecosystem functioning. Understanding BPR critical for accurate valuation effective conservation biodiversity. Using ground-sourced data from 777,126 permanent plots, spanning 44 countries most terrestrial biomes, we reveal a globally consistent positive concave-down BPR, showing that continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline forest...
Abstract Aim Large trees (d.b.h. ≥ 70 cm) store large amounts of biomass. Several studies suggest that may be vulnerable to changing climate, potentially leading declining forest biomass storage. Here we determine the importance for tropical storage and explore which intrinsic (species trait) extrinsic (environment) variables are associated with density at continental pan‐tropical scales. Location Pan‐tropical. Methods Aboveground ( AGB) was calculated 120 intact lowland moist locations....
Significance People are fascinated by the amazing diversity of tropical forests and will be surprised to learn that robust estimates number tree species lacking. We show there at least 40,000, but possibly more than 53,000, in tropics, contrast only 124 across temperate Europe. Almost all restricted their respective continents, Indo-Pacific region appears as species-rich America, with each these two regions being almost five times rich African forests. Our study shows most extremely rare,...
Terrestrial mammals are a key component of tropical forest communities as indicators ecosystem health and providers important services. However, there is little quantitative information about how they change with local, regional global threats. In this paper, the first standardized pantropical terrestrial mammal community study, we examine several aspects species diversity (species richness, diversity, evenness, dominance, functional structure) at seven sites around globe using single camera...
Extinction rates in the Anthropocene are three orders of magnitude higher than background and disproportionately occur tropics, home half world's species. Despite global efforts to combat tropical species extinctions, lack high-quality, objective information on biodiversity has hampered quantitative evaluation conservation strategies. In particular, scarcity population-level monitoring forests stymied assessment outcomes, such as status trends animal populations protected areas. Here, we...
Medium-to-large mammals within tropical forests represent a rich and functionally diversified component of this biome; however, they continue to be threatened by hunting habitat loss. Assessing these communities implies studying species' richness composition, determining state variable species abundance in order infer changes distribution associations. The Tropical Ecology, Assessment Monitoring (TEAM) network fills chronic gap standardized data collection implementing systematic monitoring...
Significance Identifying and explaining regional differences in tropical forest dynamics, structure, diversity, composition are critical for anticipating region-specific responses to global environmental change. Floristic classifications of fundamental importance these efforts. Here we provide a classification that is explicitly based on community evolutionary similarity, resulting identification five major regions their relationships: ( i ) Indo-Pacific, ii Subtropical, iii African, iv...
Abstract Mountain regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Yet, little is known about local adaptation responses in African mountain regions, especially if these incremental or transformational. First, using household questionnaires, we interviewed 1,500 farmers across ten investigate perceived impacts and responses. Second, through a reflective process involving all co-authors, identified: (1) main constraints opportunities for adaptation, (2) was Questionnaire data...
Abstract Bushmeat hunting is a pantropical threat to rainforest mammals. Understanding its effects on species richness, community composition and population abundance of critical conservation relevance. As data the pre-hunting state mammal populations in Africa are not generally available, we evaluated impacts illegal bushmeat two ecologically similar forests Udzungwa Mountains Tanzania. The differ only their protection status: one National Park other Forest Reserve. We deployed systematic...
Abstract An animal’s daily use of time (their “diel activity”) reflects their adaptations, requirements, and interactions, yet we know little about the underlying processes governing diel activity within among communities. Here examine whether community-level patterns differ biogeographic regions, explore roles top-down versus bottom-up thermoregulatory constraints. Using data from systematic camera-trap networks in 16 protected forests across tropics, relationships mammals’ to body mass...
The conservation of tropical forest carbon stocks offers the opportunity to curb climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and simultaneously conserve biodiversity. However, there has been considerable debate about extent which stock will provide benefits biodiversity in part because whether forests that contain high density their aboveground biomass also animal diversity is unknown. Here, we empirically examined medium large bodied ground-dwelling mammal bird...
The understanding of global diversity patterns has benefitted from a focus on functional traits and how they relate to variation in environmental conditions among assemblages. Distant communities similar environments often share characteristics, for tropical forest mammals, this trait convergence been demonstrated at coarse scales (110–200 km resolution), but less is known about these manifest fine scales, where local processes (e.g. habitat features anthropogenic activities) biotic...
The Neotropics, Afrotropics and Madagascar have different histories which influenced their respective patterns of diversity. Based on current knowledge these histories, we developed the following predictions about phylogenetic structure composition rainforest tree communities: (Hypothesis 1) isolation Gondwanan biotas generated differences in among biogeographical regions; (H2) major Cenozoic extinction events led to lack Afrotropical Malagasy communities; (H3) greater angiosperm...
Tropical forests hold most of Earth’s biodiversity and a higher concentration threatened mammals than other biomes. As result, some mammal species persist almost exclusively in protected areas, often within extensively transformed heavily populated landscapes. Other depend on remaining remote forested areas with sparse human populations. However, it remains unclear how mammalian communities tropical respond to anthropogenic pressures the broader landscape which they are embedded. governments...
Mountain environments and communities are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Changes in temperature greater than at lower elevations, which affect the height of cloud base local rainfall patterns. While our knowledge biophysical nature change East Africa has increased past few years, research on Indigenous farmers’ perceptions adaptation responses is still lacking, particularly mountains regions. Semi-structured interviews were administered to 300 farmers Mount Kilimanjaro (n =...
The structure of forest mammal communities appears surprisingly consistent across the continental tropics, presumably due to convergent evolution in similar environments. Whether such consistency extends occupancy, despite variation species characteristics and context, remains unclear. Here we ask whether can predict occupancy patterns and, if so, these relationships are biogeographic regions. Specifically, assessed how feeding guild, body mass ecological specialization relate protected...
Three of the 4 species giant sengis or elephant shrews (genus Rhynchocyon) have restricted geographic distributions in eastern Africa and are threatened by anthropogenic habitat loss.However, little is known about their ecology relationships.We used remotely triggered cameras to detect gray-faced sengi (Rhynchocyon udzungwensis), which endemic Udzungwa Mountains Tanzania, with aim defining distributional limits, estimating occupancy patterns, determining requirements.We deployed 183 camera...
The increasing use of camera trapping coupled to occupancy analysis study terrestrial mammals has opened the way inferential studies that besides estimating probability presence explicitly consider detectability. This in turn allows considering factors can potentially confound estimation and detection probability, including seasonal variations rainfall. To address this, we conducted a systematic survey Udzungwa Mountains Tanzania by deploying twenty traps for 30 days dry wet seasons used...
Activity range – the amount of time spent active per day is a fundamental aspect contributing to optimization process by which animals achieve energetic balance. Based on their size and nature diet, theoretical expectations are that larger carnivores need more fulfil needs than do smaller ones also similar‐sized non‐carnivores. Despite relationship between daily activity, individual energy acquisition, large‐scale relationships activity body mass among wild mammals have never been properly...
Thermophilization is the directional change in species community composition towards greater relative abundances of associated with warmer environments. This process well-documented temperate and Neotropical plant communities, but it uncertain whether this phenomenon occurs elsewhere tropics. Here we extend search for thermophilization to equatorial Africa, where lower tree diversity compared other tropical forest regions different biogeographic history could affect responses climate change....
Connectivity between protected areas is necessary to prevent habitat fragmentation. Biodiverse countries like Tanzania craft legislation promote connectivity via the creation of ecological corridors, but their viability for wildlife often remains unknown. We therefore develop a scalable and replicable approach assess monitor multispecies corridor using geospatial modeling field data. apply test in Makuyuni study area: an unprotected connecting Tarangire National Park Essmingor mountain,...