A5081346036- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Respiratory viral infections research
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Simulation Techniques and Applications
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Scientific Computing and Data Management
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2018-2024
Wellcome Trust
2020-2024
Abstract RSV infection is typically associated with secondary bacterial infection. We hypothesise that the local airway immune response to has incidental antibacterial effects. Using coordinated proteomics and metagenomics analysis we simultaneously analysed microbiota proteomes of upper determined direct activity in secretions RSV-infected children. Here, report abundance Streptococcus was higher samples collected at time compared one month later. neutrophil influx into degranulation marked...
Abstract Background Chronic malaria exposure has been proposed to modulate immune function, but its long-term effects on antibody-mediated responses unrelated pathogens remain poorly defined. Whether these persist beyond periods of active infection, and how early-life shapes humoral immunity over time, is not well understood. Methods We leveraged a natural experiment in coastal Kenya - where two regions (Junju Ngerenya) diverged sharply transmission from around 2004 evaluate the...
Abstract Background Kenya introduced the monovalent G1P [8] Rotarix® vaccine into infant immunization schedule in July 2014. We examined trends rotavirus group A (RVA) genotype distribution pre- (January 2010–June 2014) and post- (July 2014–December 2018) RVA introduction. Methods Stool samples were collected from children aged < 13 years four surveillance sites across Kenya: Kilifi County Hospital, Tabitha Clinic Nairobi, Lwak Mission Siaya Referral Hospital (children 5 only). Samples...
Abstract Background Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the most common cause of cold but may also lead to more severe respiratory illness in vulnerable populations. The epidemiology and genetic diversity HRV within a school setting have not been previously described. objective this study was characterize molecular primary rural location Kenya. Methods Between May 2017 April 2018, over 3 terms, we collected 1859 nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from pupils teachers with symptoms acute infection public...
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background.</ns4:bold> International recommendations for the control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emphasize central role laboratory testing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), etiological agent, at scale. The availability reagents, equipment and qualified staff are important bottlenecks to achieving this. Elsewhere, pooled (i.e. combining multiple samples in same reaction) has been suggested increase capacities period.</ns4:p><ns4:p>...
<ns3:p><ns3:bold>Background: </ns3:bold>Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the predominant cause of upper respiratory tract infections, resulting in a significant public health burden. The virus circulates as many different types (168), each generating strong homologous, but weak heterotypic, immunity. influence these features on transmission patterns HRV community understudied.</ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods: </ns3:bold>Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with symptoms acute...
Background. International recommendations for the control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emphasize central role laboratory testing severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), etiological agent, at scale. The availability reagents, equipment and qualified staff are important bottlenecks to achieving this. Elsewhere, pooled (i.e. combining multiple samples in same reaction) has been suggested increase capacities period. Methods. We discuss our experience with SARS-CoV-2...
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background:</ns4:bold> The global COVID-19 outbreak relies on a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), to facilitate roll-out patient care and infection control measures. There are several qRT-PCR assays with little evidence their comparability. We report alterations developers’ recommendations sustain testing capability in our setting, where supply reagents is...
Globally, rotavirus group A (RVA) remains a major cause of severe childhood diarrhea, despite the use vaccines in more than 100 countries. RVA sequencing for local outbreaks facilitates investigation into strain composition, origins, spread, and vaccine failure. In 2018, we collected 248 stool samples from children aged less 13 years admitted with diarrheal illness to Kilifi County Hospital, coastal Kenya. Antigen screening detected 55 (22.2%). Of these, VP7 (G) VP4 (P) segments were...
<ns3:p><ns3:bold>Background: </ns3:bold>Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the predominant cause of upper respiratory tract infections, resulting in a significant public health burden. The virus circulates as many different types (~160), each generating strong homologous, but weak heterotypic, immunity. influence these features on transmission patterns HRV community understudied.</ns3:p><ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods: </ns3:bold>Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with symptoms acute...
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background:</ns4:bold> The COVID-19 pandemic relies on real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), to facilitate roll-out patient care and infection control measures. There are several qRT-PCR assays with little evidence their comparability. We report alterations developers’ recommendations sustain testing capability in a resource-limited setting.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods:</ns4:bold>...
ABSTRACT Background Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the most common cause of cold but may also lead to more severe respiratory illness in vulnerable populations. The epidemiology and genetic diversity HRV within a school setting have not been described. Objective To characterise molecular among children attending primary rural location Kenya. Methods Between May 2017 April 2018, over three terms, we collected 1859 nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from pupils teachers with symptoms acute infection public...
Abstract Background The paucity of data on the contemporary causes serious infection among world’s most vulnerable children means landscape emerging paediatric infectious disease remains largely undefined and out focus global vaccine research development agenda. Methods We aimed to partially define in a typical low-income setting sub-Saharan Africa Kilifi, Kenya by simultaneously estimating antibody prevalence for 38 diseases using longitudinal birth cohort that was sampled between 2002 2008...
Background: In many low-resource settings, the clinical management of children with febrile infections is hindered by poor access to diagnostic tools determine whether cause an infection bacterial, viral or parasitic. As a result, clinicians resort default prescription antibiotics as safety precaution, contributing alarming spread antimicrobial resistance. Commonly used biomarkers for identification bacterial sepsis such CRP lack aetiological specificity and are frequently elevated...
Globally, rotavirus group A (RVA) remains a major cause of severe childhood diarrhea, despite the use vaccines in &amp;gt; 100 countries. RVA sequencing for local outbreaks facilitates investigation into strain composition, origins, spread, and vaccine failure. In 2018, we collected 248 stool samples from children aged &amp;lt;13 years admitted with diarrheal illness to Kilifi County Hospital, coastal Kenya. Antigen screening detected 55 (22.2%). Of these, VP7 (G) VP4 (P) segments...
<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background:</ns4:bold> Nasopharyngeal samples contain higher quantities of bacterial and host nucleic acids relative to viruses; presenting challenges during virus metagenomics sequencing, which underpins agnostic sequencing protocols. We aimed develop a viral enrichment protocol for unbiased whole-genome respiratory syncytial (RSV) from nasopharyngeal using the Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) MinION platform.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods:</ns4:bold> assessed two...
Abstract Background Despite the considerable progress that has been achieved in development of vaccines, infectious diseases continue to be major cause morbidity and mortality developing countries. The first year life remains time greatest risk with more than half all deaths caused by children under age five years occurring during this period. For most infections, antibodies are strongest immune correlate protective immunity characterizing breadth antibody repertoire against early is key...
Abstract Rationale Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in infants and young children. The mechanisms that lead to these children are poorly understood. Studies the cellular immunology infant airway have traditionally been hindered by limited sample volumes available from young, frail who admitted hospital with pneumonia. This further compounded relatively low frequencies certain immune cell phenotypes thought be critical clinical outcome To address this, we developed novel in-silico...
Abstract Background: Kenya introduced the monovalent G1P[8] Rotarix® vaccine into infant immunization schedule in July 2014. We examined trends rotavirus group A (RVA) genotype distribution pre- (January 2010 - June 2014) and post- (July 2014-December 2018) RVA introduction.Methods: Stool samples were collected from children aged <13 years four surveillance sites across Kenya: Kilifi County Hospital, Tabitha Clinic, Lwak Mission Siaya Referral Hospital (children <5 only). Samples...