This paper introduces a new type of grammar learning algorithm, inspired by string edit distance (Wagner and Fischer, 1974). The algorithm takes corpus flat sentences as input returns labelled, bracketed sentences. method works on pairs unstructured that have one or more words in common. When two are divided into parts the same both different, this information is used to find interchangeable. These taken possible constituents type. After alignment step, selection step selects most probable...

This book provides a introduction to the field of theoretical computer science known as grammatical inference from computational linguistic perspective.

Keystroke logging is used to automatically record writers' unfolding typing process and get insight into moments when they struggle composing text. However, it not clear which how features from the keystroke log map higher-level cognitive processes, such as planning revision. This study aims investigate sensitivity of frequently across tasks with different demands. Two datasets were analyzed: one consisting a copy task an email writing task, larger difference in demand: academic summary...

Current writing support tools tend to focus on assessing final or intermediate products, rather than the process. However, sensing technologies, such as keystroke logging, can enable provision of automated feedback during, and aspects of, Despite this potential, little is known about critical indicators that be used effectively provide feedback. This article proposes a participatory approach identify students' processes are meaningful for educational stakeholders considered in design future...

Background. Empathic interactions with animated game characters can help improve user experience, increase immersion, and achieve better affective outcomes related to the use of game. Method. We used a 2x2 between-participant design control condition analyze impact visual appearance virtual character on empathy immersion. The four experimental conditions were: Natural (virtual animal) expressiveness (emotional facial expressions), natural non-expressiveness (without emotional artificial...

Starcraft II is a popular real-time strategy (RTS) game, in which players compete with each other online. Based on their performance, the are ranked one of seven leagues. In our research, we aim at constructing player model that capable predicting league competes, using observations in-game behavior. cognitive research and knowledge extracted from 1297 game replays number features describe skill. After preliminary test, selected SMO classifier to construct model, achieved weighted accuracy...

The study of revision has been a topic interest in writing research over the past decades. Numerous studies have, for instance, shown that learning-to-revise is one key competences development. Moreover, several models have developed, and variety taxonomies used to measure empirical studies. Current advances data collection analysis made it possible increasingly precise detail. present aimed combine previous current by providing comprehensive product- process-oriented tagset revision....

Nowadays, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provides an opportunity to discover new knowledge create a desirable learning environment.That is why the influence of ICT on education irrefutable.Technology has changed styles: way people prefer learn improve quality their learning.Physical online classes can be held concurrently so that lecturers students interact via management systems.A Learning Management System (LMS) application software plays significant role in educational...

Abstract Feedback is important to improve writing quality; however, provide timely and personalized feedback a time-intensive task. Currently, most literature focuses on providing (human or machine) support product characteristics, especially after draft submitted. However, this does not assist students who struggle during the process. Therefore, in study, we investigate use of keystroke analysis predict quality throughout Keystroke data were analyzed from 126 English as second language...

There has recently been an increasing interest in Learning Management Systems (LMSs). It is currently unclear, however, exactly how these systems are perceived by their users. This article analyzes data on user acceptance for two LMSs (Blackboard and Canvas). The respective collected using a questionnaire modeled after the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); it relates several variables that influence system acceptability, allowing detailed analysis of acceptance. We present analyses at...

The problem of identifying and correcting confusibles, i.e. context-sensitive spelling errors, in text is typically tackled using specifically trained machine learning classifiers. For each different set a specific classifier tuned.