Both cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and nanofibrils (CNFs) are nanoscale fibers that have shown reinforcing effects in polymer nanocomposites. CNCs CNFs different shape, size composition. This study systematically compared their morphologies, crystalline structure, dispersion properties polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix, interactions with the resulting on matrix polymer. Transparent PEO/CNC PEO/CNF nanocomposites comprising up to 10 wt % nanofibers were obtained via solution casting. Scanning...

ABSTRACT T hermal and other physicochemical properties of starch from 42 potato genotypes were studied to find those with unique for food use, analyze relationships between thermal properties. Onset peak transition temperatures gelatinization enthalpy intercorrelated. Transition intercorrelated pasting temperature using a Brabender Visco‐amylograph. Gelatinization entbalpy correlated paste viscosity, onset phosphorus content. Genotype E55–3.5 highest also had viscosity. DSC might be useful...

ABSTRACT Potato starch with anomalous stable (constant time) paste viscosity has been proposed as a natural replacement for cross‐linked starch, but its behavior and the influencing factors are not well understood. Starch from 44 samples of potato tubers representing 34 genotypes was analyzed phosphorus, mean granule diameter, amylose, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium. Except potassium, each those properties correlated significantly one or more five characteristics determined using...

Thiolase (acetyl-coenzyme A [CoA] acetyltransferase, E.C. 2.3.1.19) from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 has been purified 70-fold to homogeneity. Unlike the thiolase in pasteurianum, this high relative activity throughout physiological range of internal pH 5.5 7.0, indicating that change during acid production is not an important factor regulation thiolase. In condensation direction, inhibited by micromolar levels CoA, and may be modulating net acetyl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA. Other...

Coenzyme A (CoA) transferase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was purified 81-fold to homogeneity. This enzyme stable in the presence of 0.5 M ammonium sulfate and 20% (vol/vol) glycerol, whereas activity rapidly lost absence these stabilizers. The kinetic binding mechanism Ping Pong Bi Bi, Km values at pH 7.5 30 degrees C for acetate, propionate, butyrate were, respectively, 1,200, 1,000, 660 mM, while value acetoacetyl-CoA ranged about 7 56 microM, depending on acid substrate....

Isoflavones in soybean were extracted the crude form using 80% food-grade ethanol at 80 °C for 6 h and followed by concentration dehydration. The soy extract contained isoflavones primarily forms of glucosides. In vitro antioxidant activities containing 20−500 ppm conducted a Rancimat method. results showed that isoflavone had strong activity. There was dose-dependent response activity lower concentrations but not higher concentrations. vivo property determined measuring enzymes, superoxide...

Phosphotransbutyrylase (phosphate butyryltransferase [EC 2.3.1.19]) from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was purified approximately 200-fold to homogeneity with a yield of 13%. Steps used in the purification procedure were fractional precipitation (NH4)2SO4, Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B chromatography, DEAE-Sephacel high-pressure liquid chromatography an anion-exchange column, and hydrophobic-interaction column. Gel filtration denaturing gel electrophoresis data consistent native enzyme having...

Abstract The cooking and drying conditions for oilseeds preparatory to screw pressing are some of the most important factors that influence screw‐press performance. Screw‐press oil recovery, residual oil, rate, sediment content were measured uncooked crambe seed cooked at 100°C 10 min, pressed six moisture contents ranging from 9.2 3.6% dry basis. Oil recovery significantly increased ( P ≤0.01) 69 80.9% 67.7 78.9% seeds, respectively, as decreased. Residual decreased 16.3 11.1% 16.9 11.9%,...

Abstract Flaxseed oil, a rich source of dietary n−3 FA, is commonly obtained by cold pressing whole seed. Furthermore, flaxseed hulls are emerging as valuable lignan‐rich product for functional food use; therefore, the characteristics dehulled seed need to be understood. Screw press performance was measured and flaxseed. When Omega pressed through 6‐mm choke, an inverse relationship between moisture content (6.1–11.6% range) oil recovery (70.1–85.7%) observed. However, peak from 72.0% found...

Epoxidized canola oil may be well suited to the partial replacement of petroleum products in composite matrices; however, a process is needed obtain this material from at sufficient conversion and scale assess product properties. Therefore, was epoxidized solvent-free with heterogeneous catalyst; fractional factorial design used determine impact processing conditions their two-factor interactions on epoxy group content oil. The studied parameters were: molar ratio acetic acid unsaturation,...

Abstract: Canola meal protein isolates were prepared from defatted canola flour using alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation. A central composite design was used to model 2nd‐order response surfaces for the yield functional properties of isolates. The pH precipitation as factors. models showed that isolates, such water absorption fat absorption, sensitive both pH, whereas emulsification only pH. Gel electrophoresis analysis fractions gave evidence compositional changes between...

Abstract Amaranth seed oil was fractionated in a bench‐scale short‐path distillation unit to obtain fractions rich squalene. Fractionations were conducted with degummed amaranth oil, alkali‐refined and simulated oil. Squalene concentration increased about sevenfold squalene recovery of 76.0% the distillate when at 180°C 3 mtorr vacuum. Free fatty acids codistilled squalene, lowering content distillate, resulted semisolid room temperature. Alkali‐refining subsequently used reduce free acid...

A chimeric gene containing the patatin promoter and transit-peptide region of small-subunit carboxylase was utilized to direct expression Escherichia coli glycogen sythase (glgA) potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber amyloplasts. Expression glgA product in amyloplasts between 0.007 0.028% total protein independent lines as determined by immunoblot analysis. Tubers from four transgenic were found have a lowered specific gravity, 30 50% reduction percentage starch, decreased amylose/amylopectin...

Abstract Interest in polymers from renewable sources, as alternatives to petroleum‐based polymers, remains strong; however, their performance must be acceptable. To improve of epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) composite matrix applications, five amine curing agents were evaluated and compared with an anhydride agent used previously. Curing tested matrices for composites containing a epoxy resin plus 0% or 30% oil canola (ECO) soybean (ESO). The two amines the highest glass transition...

ABSTRACT Starch noodles were prepared using potato starch from 8 genotypes, mung bean starch, bean‐potato blends, and sweet starch. The cooking quality of selected starches compared well with commercial noodles. Of the unblended starches, Mainechip exhibited similar to respect loss, cooked weight, ?rmness. Appearance texture three genotypes (E55‐35, Mainechip, Shasta) evaluated by a trained sensory panel. Noodles made had higher glossiness transparency than those other starches. both...

Tools are needed to evaluate and compare different available feedstocks, process parameters andmodifications for biodiesel production. To address this need, a model was developed with commonly usedspreadsheet software process-engineering principles. The basis of the is continuous two stirred-tankreactors sodium methoxide catalysis. modeled as 27 units 51 flows 18 components. Mass flowrates compositions input output streams were quantified using mass component balances, energybalances,...

Ozonated water is reported to be effective in reducing the microbial load foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. may an alternative chlorinated treating durum wheat before milling. Therefore, was washed with ozonated analyzed for yeast mold count (YMC) aerobic plate (APC). A system producing monitoring developed. The effect of quality (tap, distilled, ultra-pure), temperature (7, 15, 25 degrees C), pH (2, 4, 6.5) evaluated on following: steady-state dissolved ozone concentration,...

Abstract Starches from potato (Mainechip, ND651‐9 and Commercial) Navy Pinto bean were isolated the pasting thermal properties examined. Analysis by Rapid Visco‐Analyzer (RVA) showed starches had lower temperatures, higher peak viscosity, setback than starches. High intrinsic viscosity values obtained for starch indicated average molecular weight compared to Characterization of (gelatinization retrogradation) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) that sharp, well‐defined gelatinization...

Although starch makes up from 50 to 70% of sweetpotato (SP) dry matter, its role in cooked texture is unknown. The purpose this research was characterize raw starches isolated SP cultivars and experimental selections (C/S) with a wide range textural properties when investigate the relationship between roots characteristics starches. Shear stress measured by uniaxial compression cylinders served as an objective measure texture. Starches were C/S representing three types: moist (Jewel...

Abstract Crambe seed (Crambe abyssinica) is an excellent, recently established source of high‐erucic acid oil. Erucic has a number important and potential applications. To develop this potential, rapid bench‐scale method was desired whereby purified erucic in up to several 100‐g quantities could be produced from crambe seed. Using the developed, oil expressed dried, intact seed; clarified, degummed, bleached; saponified acidified obtain free fatty acids. Analysis by inductively coupled...