This article presents the main technical features and performance of upgraded beamline ID02 at ESRF. The combines different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in one unique instrument, enabling static kinetic investigations from ångström to micrometre size scales time resolution down sub-millisecond range. component instrument is an evacuated detector tube length 34 m diameter 2 m. Several detectors are housed inside a motorized wagon that travels along rail system, allowing automated...

The new technical features and enhanced performance of the ID02 beamline with Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) at ESRF are described. enables static kinetic investigations a broad range systems from ångström to micrometre size scales down sub-millisecond time by combining different small-angle X-ray scattering techniques in single instrument. In addition, nearly coherent beam obtained high-resolution mode allows multispeckle photon correlation spectroscopy measurements microsecond over...

The controlled self-assembly of complex molecules into well defined hierarchical structures is a promising route for fabricating nanostructures. These nanoscale can be realized by naturally occurring proteins such as tobacco mosaic virus, capsid proteins, tubulin, actin, etc. Here, we report simple alternative method based on self-assembling nanotubes formed synthetic therapeutic octapeptide, Lanreotide in water. We used multidisciplinary approach involving optical and electron microscopies,...

In colloidal systems, the interplay between short range attraction and long-range repulsion can lead to a low density associated state consisting of clusters individual particles. Recently, such an equilibrium cluster phase was also reported for concentrated solutions lysozyme at ionic strength close physiological pH. Stradner et al. [(2004) Equilibrium formation in protein colloids. Nature 432:492-495] found that position low-angle interference peak small-angle x-ray neutron scattering...

Significance This paper represents a major advance in understanding intrinsic heart beat regulation, because it provides an integrated view of the Frank–Starling law that combines mechanical, structural, and energetic aspects performance. We show mechanosensing myosin filament adjusts number motors recruited from off, ATP hydrolysis-unavailable state to systolic force. In this way, cost is tuned end pressure–volume relation. These results elucidate plausible mechanistic link between...

Significance Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide, and is frequently associated with heart failure. Efforts develop better therapeutics for failure have been held back by limited understanding normal control contraction on timescale heartbeat. We used synchrotron X-ray diffraction determine dynamic structural changes in myosin motors that drive muscle, show filament-based mechanisms time course strength contraction, allowing those targeted developing...

Despite over a century of modern surfactant science, the kinetic pathways morphological transitions in micellar systems are still not well understood. This is mainly as result lack sufficiently fast methods that can capture structural changes such transitions. Herein, simple system consisting sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) aqueous NaCl solutions investigated. Combining synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with stopped-flow mixing schemes allows monitoring process where...

The assembly of tiny magnetic particles in external fields is important for many applications ranging from data storage to medical technologies. development ever smaller structures restricted by a size limit, where the are just barely magnetic. For such we report discovery kind solution hitherto unobserved, our knowledge. fact that occurs very relevant applications, nanoparticles either solution-processed or used liquid biological environments. Induced an field, nanocubes spontaneously...

The broad range of applications synchrotron and neutron scattering in the investigation soft condensed matter is reviewed. Appropriate combinations these techniques allow probing structure dynamics complex systems from sub-nm to micron size scales picoseconds seconds longer time ranges. Applications include a myriad such as polymers, colloids, surfactants, phospholipids, biological macromolecules functional materials both bulk at interfaces. Most studies are performed situ under real...

Muscle contraction is driven by myosin motors from the thick filaments pulling on actin-containing thin of sarcomere, and it regulated structural changes in both filaments. Thin are activated an increase intracellular calcium concentration [Ca 2+ ] i binding to actin. Thick direct sensing filament load. However, these mechanisms cannot explain muscle relaxation when decreases at high load attached There is, therefore, a fundamental gap our understanding relaxation, despite its importance for...

Time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies were performed to investigate the unseeded formation and growth of colloidal calcium carbonate particles. Equimolar aqueous solutions CaCl2·2H2O Na2CO3 rapidly mixed in a stopped-flow apparatus, SAXS data recorded using an image-intensified CCD detector. It is shown that allows studying those processes situ, with very good time resolution. can provide unsurpassed real-time information about particle size, shape,...

The ternary phase diagram of the amphiphilic triblock copolymer PEO−PPO−PEO ((EO)20(PO)70(EO)20 commercialized under generic name P123), water, and ethanol has been investigated at constant temperature (T = 23 °C) by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). microstructure resulting from self-assembly block varies micelles in solution to various types liquid crystalline phases such as cubic, 3D hexagonal close packed spheres (HCPS), 2D hexagonal, lamellar when concentration polymer is increased....

We have performed optical reflectivity experiments and band structure diffraction calculations on fcc photonic crystals, consisting of air spheres in titania ( $\mathrm{TiO}{}_{2}$). The spectra reveal Bragg peaks whose large widths agree well with the calculations. overlap many directions, causing propagation light to be limited by reflection $45%$ $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ solid angle. This illustrates that air-sphere crystals interact so strongly an unprecedented limitation directions is achieved.

We have studied the transient stages in formation of unilamellar vesicles with millisecond time resolution. The self-assembly was initiated by rapid mixing equimolar amounts anionic and zwitterionic micelles micellar entities were probed time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering. Within time, original transformed to disklike which evolved further a critical size then closed form monodisperse within second. Subsequent growth led an unexpected broadening vesicle distribution.

A shortening muscle is a machine that converts metabolic energy into mechanical work, but, when stretched, it acts as brake, generating high resistive force at low cost. The braking action of can be activated with remarkable speed, the leg extensor muscles rapidly decelerate body end jump. Here we used time-resolved x-ray and measurements on isolated cells to elucidate molecular basis its rapid control. We show stretch only 5 nm between each overlapping set myosin actin filaments in...

Structural changes occurring on a millisecond time scale during uptake of DNA by cationic lipid nanocarriers are monitored time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) coupled to rapid-mixing stopped-flow technique. Nanoparticles (NPs) nanochannel organization formed PEGylation, hydration, and dispersion film the fusogenic monoolein in mixture with positively charged (DOMA) PEGylated (DOPE-PEG2000) amphiphiles characterized inner cubic structure very large nanochannels favorable for...

Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into micelles occurs on very short times scales typically some milliseconds, and the structural evolution is therefore challenging to observe experimentally. While rate constants surfactant micelle kinetics have been accessed by spectroscopic techniques for decades, so far no experiments providing detailed information during their formation process reported. In this work we show that applying synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in...

The water-soluble catalyst precursor [[(2,4,6-(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)3-C6H2)-N═C(H)-(3-(9-anthryl)-2-O-C6H3)-κ(2)-N,O]Ni(CH3)(TPPTS)] (TPPTS = tri(sodiumphenylsulfonate)phosphine) polymerizes ethylene to aqueous dispersions of highly ordered nanoscale crystals (crystallinity χ(DSC) ≥ 90%) strictly linear polyethylene (<0.7 methyl-branches/1000 carbon atoms, Mn 4.2 × 10(5) g mol(-1)). SAXS in combination with cryo-TEM confirms this unusually high degree order (χ(SAXS) 82%) and shows the...