Alterations in nuclear morphology are closely associated with essential cell functions, such as motility and polarization, correlate a wide range of human diseases, including cancer, muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, progeria. However, the mechanics forces that shape nucleus not well understood. Here, we demonstrate when an adherent is detached from its substratum, undergoes large volumetric reduction accompanied by morphological transition almost smooth to heavily folded surface....

Abstract A combination of physical and chemical processes is involved in determining the bacterial cell shape. In standard medium, Escherichia coli cells are rod-shaped maintain a constant diameter during exponential growth. Here, we demonstrate that by applying compressive forces to growing E. , no longer retain their rod-like shapes but grow divide with flat pancake-like geometry. The deformation reversible: deformed can recover back several generations after removed. During compression,...

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic cells are sensitive to mechanical forces they experience from the environment. The process of mechanosensation is complex, and involves elements such as cytoskeleton active contraction myosin motors. Ultimately, connected changes in gene expression cell, known mechanotransduction. While involvement known, processes upstream cytoskeletal unclear. In this paper, by using a microfluidic device that mechanically compresses live cells, we demonstrate Ca2+ currents membrane...

We examine five quantitative models of the cell-cycle and cell-size control in Escherichia coli Bacillus subtilis that have been proposed over last decade to explain single-cell experimental data generated with high-throughput methods. After presenting statistical properties these models, we test their predictions against data. Based on simple calculations defining correlations each model, first dismiss stochastic Helmstetter-Cooper model Initiation Adder show both Replication Double (RDA)...

Despite much progress, image processing remains a significant bottleneck for high-throughput analysis of microscopy data. One popular platform single-cell time-lapse imaging is the mother machine, which enables long-term tracking microbial cells under precisely controlled growth conditions. While several machine pipelines have been developed in past years, adoption by non-expert audience challenge. To fill this gap, we implemented our own software, MM3, as plugin multidimensional viewer...

How do single-celled organisms adapt and learn to survive in dynamic environments without a nervous system? Here, we provide experimental evidence theoretical model demonstrating learning-like behavior by single bacterial cells fluctuating environments. Using custom microfluidic platform, tracked individual E. coli nutrient found that bacteria on multiple timescales, tuning their growth control based prior environmental experience. Motivated our observation cellular adaptation dynamics are...

Cytokinesis in bacteria is accomplished by a ring-shaped cell-division complex (the Z-ring). The primary component of the Z-ring FtsZ, filamentous tubulin homolog that serves as scaffold for recruitment other cell-division-related proteins. FtsZ forms filaments and bundles. In cell, it has been suggested form arcs ring are aligned cell-circumferential direction. Using polarized fluorescence microscopy live Escherichia coli cells, we measure structural organization Z-ring. data suggest...

The mother machine is a microfluidic device for high-throughput time-lapse imaging of microbes. Here, we present MM3, complete and modular image analysis pipeline. MM3 turns raw images, both phase contrast fluorescence, into data structure containing cells with their measured features. employs learning non-learning algorithms, implemented in Python. easy to run as command line tool the occasional graphical user interface on PC or Mac. A typical experiment can be analyzed within one day. It...

Quantitative single cell measurements have shown that cycle duration (the time between divisions) for diverse types is a noisy variable. This work highlights how this noise may impact fitness through adaptability.

ABSTRACT Evolutionarily divergent bacteria share a common phenomenological strategy for cell-size homeostasis under steady-state conditions. In the presence of inherent physiological stochasticity, cells following this “adder” principle gradually return to their size by adding constant volume between birth and division regardless at birth. However, mechanism adder has been unknown despite intense efforts. work, we show that is direct consequence two general processes in biology: (1)...

Despite much progress, image processing remains a significant bottleneck for high-throughput analysis of microscopy data. One popular platform single-cell time-lapse imaging is the mother machine, which enables long-term tracking microbial cells under precisely controlled growth conditions. While several machine pipelines have been developed in past years, adoption by non-expert audience challenge. To fill this gap, we implemented our own software, MM3, as plugin multidimensional viewer...

Despite much progress, image processing remains a significant bottleneck for high-throughput analysis of microscopy data. One popular platform single-cell time-lapse imaging is the mother machine, which enables long-term tracking microbial cells under precisely controlled growth conditions. While several machine pipelines have been developed in past years, adoption by non-expert audience challenge. To fill this gap, we implemented our own software, MM3, as plugin multidimensional viewer...

Abstract Witz et al . recently performed single-cell mother machine experiments to track growth and the replication cycle in E. coli They analyzed correlation structure of selected parameters using both their data published data, concluded that cell-size control is implemented at initiation, which challenged newly emerged division-centric mechanism bacteria. We repeated al.’s analysis, additional analytical calculations. These results explain observation fact support model.

Abstract Despite much progress, image processing remains a significant bottleneck for high-throughput analysis of microscopy data. One popular platform single-cell time-lapse imaging is the mother machine, which enables long-term tracking microbial cells under precisely controlled growth conditions. While several machine pipelines have been developed in past years, adoption by non-expert audience challenge. To fill this gap, we implemented our own software, MM3, as plugin multidimensional...

Summary It is generally assumed that the allocation and synthesis of total cellular resources in microorganisms are uniquely determined by growth conditions. Adaptation to a new physiological state leads change cell size via reallocation resources. However, it has not been understood how coordinated with biosynthesis robustly adapts states. We show Escherichia coli can be predicted for any steady-state condition projecting all into three measurable variables representing replication...

Abstract We examine five quantitative models of the cell-cycle and cell-size control in Escherichia coli Bacillus subtilis that have been proposed over last decade to explain single-cell experimental data generated with high-throughput methods. After presenting statistical properties these models, we test their predictions against data. Based on simple calculations defining correlations each model, first dismiss stochastic Helmstetter-Cooper model Initiation Adder show both Replication...