A5102946927- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Horticultural and Viticultural Research
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Powdery Mildew Fungal Diseases
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
- Karst Systems and Hydrogeology
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Building materials and conservation
- Ferrocene Chemistry and Applications
- Archaeological and Historical Studies
Syngenta (Switzerland)
2015-2025
ETH Zurich
2006-2017
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
2011
Swiss Integrative Center for Human Health
2007-2009
The plant-pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (asexual stage: Septoria tritici) causes septoria tritici blotch, a disease that greatly reduces the yield and quality of wheat. This is economically important in most wheat-growing areas worldwide threatens global food production. Control has been hampered by limited understanding genetic biochemical bases pathogenicity, including mechanisms infection resistance host. Unlike other plant pathogens, M. long latent period during which it...
Abstract Human activity impacts the evolutionary trajectories of many species worldwide. Global trade agricultural goods contributes to dispersal pathogens reshaping their genetic makeup and providing opportunities for virulence gains. Understanding how surmount control strategies cope with new climates is crucial predicting future impact crop pathogens. Here, we address this by assembling a global thousand-genome panel Zymoseptoria tritici , major fungal pathogen wheat reported in all...
Abstract Stagonospora nodorum is a major necrotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and member the Dothideomycetes, large taxon that includes many important plant pathogens affecting all crop families. Here, we report acquisition initial analysis draft genome sequence for this fungus. The assembly comprises 37,164,227 bp nuclear DNA contained in 107 scaffolds. circular mitochondrial 49,761 encoding 46 genes, including four are intron encoded. contains 26 classes repetitive...
Abstract BACKGROUND: QoI fungicides or quinone outside inhibitors (also called strobilurins) have been widely used to control agriculturally important fungal pathogens since their introduction in 1996. Strobilurins block the respiration pathway by inhibiting cytochrome bc1 complex mitochondria. Several plant pathogenic fungi developed field resistance. The first resistance Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroter was detected retrospectively UK 2001 at a low frequency QoI‐treated plots....
Although fungicide resistance in crop pathogens is a global threat to food production, surprisingly little known about the evolutionary processes associated with emergence and spread of resistance. Early stages evolution were evaluated using wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici , taking advantage an isolate collection spanning 20 years Oregon, USA, including two sites differing intensity use. Sequences mitochondrial cytb protein conferring single‐mutation QoI fungicides nuclear CYP51 gene...
Zymoseptoria tritici is an ascomycete fungus that causes Septoria blotch, a globally distributed foliar disease on wheat. Z. populations are highly polymorphic and exhibit significant quantitative variation for virulence. Despite its importance, the genes responsible virulence in this pathogen remain largely unknown. We investigated expression profiles of four strains differing experiment conducted under uniform environmental conditions. Transcriptomes were compared at different infection...
Studying genomic variation in rapidly evolving pathogens potentially enables identification of genes supporting their "core biology", being present, functional and expressed by all strains or "flexible varying between strains. Genes flexible biology may be considered to "accessory", whilst the "core" gene set is likely important for common features a pathogen species biology, including virulence on host genotypes. The wheat-pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici represents one most threats...
ABSTRACT Fungicides are used in agriculture to manage fungal infections and maintain crop yield quality. In Europe, their application on cereals increased drastically starting from the mid 1970s, contributing a significant improvement yields. However, extensive usage has led rapid evolution of resistant pathogen populations within just few years fungicide deployment. Here we focus wheat powdery mildew, disease caused by ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici (Bgt)....
Zymoseptoria tritici is an important fungal pathogen on wheat that originated in the Fertile Crescent. Its closely related sister species Z. pseudotritici and ardabiliae infect wild grasses same region. This recently emerged host-pathogen system provides a rare opportunity to investigate evolutionary processes shaping genome of emerging pathogen. Here, we genetic signatures plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) are likely affected by or driving coevolution plant-pathogen systems. We...
Zymoseptoria tritici causes Septoria blotch (STB) on wheat. The disease interaction is characterized by clearly defined temporal phases of infection, ultimately resulting in the death host tissue. a highly polymorphic species with significant intraspecific variation virulence profiles. We generated deep transcriptomic sequencing dataset spanning entire time course an infection using previously uncharacterized, virulent Z. strain isolated from Swiss wheat field. found that seven clusters gene...
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are widely used for the control of a broad range fungal diseases. This has been most rapidly expanding fungicide group in terms new molecules discovered and introduced agricultural use over past fifteen years. A particular pattern differential sensitivity (resistance) to stretched heterocycle amide SDHIs (SHA-SDHIs), subclass chemically-related SDHIs, was observed naïve Zymoseptoria tritici populations not previously exposed these...
We sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of four closely related Rhynchosporium species that diverged ∼14,000-35,000years ago. During this time frame, three mt expanded significantly due to an invasion introns into genes (cox1, cox2, nad5). The enlarged contained ∼40% compared 8.1% in uninvaded relatives. Many intron gains were accompanied by co-conversion flanking exonic regions. comparative analysis revealed a highly variable set non-intronic, free-standing ORFs...
Abstract Helictites—an enigmatic type of mineral structure occurring in some caves—differ from classical speleothems as they develop with orientations that defy gravity. While theories for helictite formation have been forwarded, their genesis remains equivocal. Here, we show a remarkable suite helictites Asperge Cave (France) are formed by biologically-mediated processes, rather than abiotic processes had hitherto proposed. Morphological and petro-physical properties inconsistent...
Despite anti-resistance strategies being recommended to reduce selection pressure on insensitive strains, no information is available fungal population dynamics following their application in real field conditions. In this study, the effects Plasmopara viticola populations of two identical spray programs, differing only including or not carboxylic acid amide (CAA) mandipropamid mixture and alternation with an partner, were compared terms downy mildew control efficacy sensitivity commercial...
Abstract Efficient grapevine downy mildew control necessitates the implementation of anti-resistance strategies to ensure ongoing efficacy available substances and optimal disease control. With gradual disappearance multi-site fungicides from market, reliance on single-site poses a long-term risk selecting strains resistant multiple modes action. Challenges in management encompass spray programs monitoring field population sensitivity. This study evaluated strategies, including two...
Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans constitutes greatest threat to potato production worldwide. Considering increasing concerns regarding emergence of novel fungicide-resistant genotypes and general demand for reducing inputs synthetic copper-based fungicides, need alternative control methods is acute. Several bacterial antagonists have shown anti-Phytophthora effects during in vitro greenhouse experiments. We report three Pseudomonas strains recovered from field-grown...
Fungicide resistance in crop pathogens poses severe challenges to sustainable agriculture. Demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) are critical for controlling diseases but face rapid gains the field. Even though main molecular basis of is well established, field surveys have repeatedly revealed alternative mechanisms. The European continent particular has seen and heterogeneous azole past decades. Here, we establish a large genome panel dissect genetic architecture emerging major wheat pathogen...
Oxathiapiprolin is a novel fungicide and the first of piperidinyl-thiazole-isoxazoline class to be discovered. This has been reported have high activity against Plasmopara viticola, grapevine downy mildew agent, other plant-pathogenic oomycetes. In this study, baseline sensitivity Italian P. viticola populations towards oxathiapiprolin was established on 29 samples collected in 10 different viticultural areas. Two insensitive strains were characterized for their mechanism...
Abstract Sustainable crop protection is vital for food security, yet it under threat due to the adaptation of a diverse and evolving pathogen population. Resistance can be managed by maximising diversity selection pressure through dose variation spatial temporal combination active ingredients. This study explores interplay between operational drivers sustainability management strategies in relation resistance status fungal populations. We applied an experimental evolution approach three...