Spirooxindole is a compound with unique framework and broad bioactivities in medicine. In this study, we have reviewed various approaches or methods synthesizing spirooxindole derivatives focused on green synthesis. Synthesis of spirooxindoles mainly carried out through multicomponent reactions combined such as the use heterogeneous catalysts (nano-sized, magnetic, metal-complex, metal-organic catalysts), deep eutectic solvent, solvent-free reactions, catalyst-free well ultrasonic microwaves...

This study aims to convert plastic waste into fuel oil through the pyrolysis process that assisted by natural zeolite as catalyst. Evaluation of catalytic ability was carried out in a batch reactor with various reaction conditions. The optimum conditions for PP and HDPE samples were obtained adding catalyst 7% 3% (w/w) an yield 69.69% 65.60% liquid fraction, respectively. use catalysts from offered simple method demonstrated reliable performance.

This work successfully synthesized single-phase Aurivillius Bi4Ti2.75(FeNb)0.125O12 using a molten salt method and the natural precursor of Fe3+ ions extracted from Padang Beach sand. The study extensively examined phase formation, crystal structure, grain morphology, physical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis combined with Rietveld refinement technique confirms that adopts B2cb orthorhombic structure. refined atomic positions reveal Bi3+ are located in A-site within both bismuth...

The utilization of catalysts in organic reactions represents a widely utilized principle within the concept green chemistry. This study focuses on utilizing hydroxyapatite from mussel shell waste combined with CoFe2O4 as heterogeneous catalyst for synthesizing 2-amino-4H-chromene derivative. shells were calcined to produce CaO, which was then precursor synthesis hydroxyapatite, and cobalt ferrite through coprecipitation method. Diffractogram analysis confirmed successful formation CoFe2O4,...

The difficulty of plastic waste in degrading naturally highlights the need for more environmentally friendly usage. In this study, biodegradable was synthesized from cassava peel starch and examined influence incorporating cellulose, PVA, ZnO on their characteristics. bioplastics were prepared using melt intercalation technique subsequently subjected to various assessments mechanical properties degradation time. Optimal conditions obtained by adding 5 g starch, 1.2 0.3 (sample D4). addition...

Spirooxindole-pyrrolizidine is an essential compound of concern for researchers, especially in its structure which shows some existing bioactivities medicine.A novel series spirooxindole-pyrrolizidine were prepared by a onepot multicomponent reaction method.The occurred between α, β-carbonyl unsaturated, isatin, and l-proline through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition assisted Fe3O4-graphene oxide (GO) as catalyst.The spectral analytical data have established the structures new compounds catalyst...

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are an efficient strategy to synthesize various heterocyclic compounds in one pot, and a simple step by combining the reactants same flask.In this study, series of spiro-oxindole substituted chromene rings were synthesized via Knoevenagel Micheal addition reaction using curcuminoid chalcone as precursors.The was assisted Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanocatalyst ethanol solvent at 70°C.NiFe2O4 co-precipitation method characterized FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX.The two...

Cinnamaldehyde is an essential compound in the cinnamon that have plentiful bioactivities. This research aims to modify cinnamaldehyde become derivatives of dihydropyrimidine using graphene oxide (GO) as catalyst. GO was synthesized from graphite powder. Afterward, applied synthesis with one-pot three-component method without solvent. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra has proven formation (3119 cm−1, 1723 1373 and 1076 cm−1). To evaluate ability catalyst, one name...

1,4-dihydropyridine (DHPs) is a class of compounds that are significantly present in variety natural products and commercial medicines such as felodipine.This study aims to modify cinnamaldehyde become derivatives using NiFe2O4 MNPs the catalyst.NiFe2O4 were synthesized by co-precipitation method 2:1 molar ratio between ferrite nitrate nickel analyzed XRD SEM-EDX.The results characterization support successfully synthesized.After that, was tested for its ability catalyst synthesis 1,4...

The biological activities of extracts and isolated compounds Macaranga mappa stem bark for antidiabetic herbal medicine, antioxidant, cytotoxicity have been determined. antidiabetic, the sample were carried out by inhibition value α-glucosidase, DPPH method, brine shrimp larvae respectively. initial methanol extract its fractions good against antidiabetics antioxidants, except hexane fraction. with highest activity antioxidant tests water fraction IC50 6.654 ppm butanol 32.34 ppm, toxicity...

This study aims to synthesize Fe3O4 nanoparticles using iron rust and evaluate the catalyst's ability in spiropiperidine synthesis. was synthesized thermal decomposition method with palmitic acid as a capping agent. Characterization techniques, including XRD, IR, SEM-EDX, TEM, PSA confirmed formation of magnetic well-defined cubic crystal structure, displaying size approximately 8.5 nm. Under optimal conditions, synthesis catalyst achieved an 84.2 % yield could be reused for up five runs....

Isatin is a unique compound with many bioactivities such as antiviral, anti-HIV, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and antifungal. In this study, isatin derivatives were synthesized an iodine catalyst tested for antibacterial antioxidant activities. conducted through Knoevenagel condensation reaction between malononitrile. The products confirmed by thin-layer chromatography, melting point apparatus, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, LC-MS. optimum conditions obtained at 10% mol of...

This study explores the use of waste coal fly ash supported with magnetite (FA/Fe3O4) as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for removing Pb metal from aqueous solutions. FA/Fe3O4 composites were synthesized using ball mill method varying ratios (9:1, 9:3, and 9:5). The sample a 9:3 ratio exhibited most promising characteristics, including high surface area (4.878 m2/g), substantial pore volume (2.508 cc/g), large average diameter (3.060 nm), low crystallinity (12.98 %), small crystal size...