Decomposition behavior of five selected amino acids in high-temperature and high-pressure water was studied using a continuous-flow tubular reactor. The reaction carried out the temperature range 200−340 °C at pressure 20 MPa. Alanine its derivatives leucine, phenylalanine, serine, aspartic acid were used as model acids. effect on products, pathway, rate determined function time. decomposed into lactic pyruvic acid, then finally mineralized to carbon dioxide with an activation energy 154...

Anaerobic digestion is widely considered as an environmentally friendly technology for various organic waste including sewage sludge. Although the implementation of anaerobic alternative treatment method sludge can be seen in many countries, its status Malaysia not clear. This study reviewed current state and discussed challenges to promote treatment. Other than common constraints faced, namely technical, political economic, characteristics a factor regarding feasibility. co-digestion...

Poly(L-lactide) [i.e., poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)] was hydrolyzed in the melt high-temperature and high-pressure water at temperature range of 180-350 degrees C for a period 30 min, formation, racemization, decomposition lactic acids molecular weight change PLLA were investigated. The highest maximum yield l-lactic acid, ca. 90%, attained 250 hydrolysis periods 10-20 min. Too-high temperatures such as 350 induce dramatic racemization formed acids, resulting decreased L-lactic acid. proceeds...

Abstract Amorphous‐made poly( L ‐lactide) [i.e., ‐lactic acid) (PLLA)], ‐lactide‐ co ‐ D ‐lactide)[P(LLA‐DLA)](77/23), and P(LLA‐DLA)(50/50) films PLLA with different crystallinity ( X c ) values were prepared, the effects of molecular weight, ‐lactide unit content (tacticity optical purity), poly(lactide) poly(lactic (PLA)] on water vapor permeability was investigated. The changes in number‐average weight M n range 9 × 10 4 –5 5 g mol −1 PLA 0–50% have insignificant their transmission rate...

The possibility of amino acids and glucosamine production from the treatment shrimp shells in high-temperature high-pressure water was investigated. Under tested conditions, highest amount (70 mg/g dry shell) hydrolysis proteins obtained at a reaction temperature 523 K 60 min. This about 2.5 times total 363 K, which extracts for use noodles soup are being prepared. simple such as glycine alanine increased with increasing up to decreased thereafter. behavior has also been observed other...

Abstract A resource recovery technique using sub‐ and supercritical water hydrolysis was applied to convert waste fish entrails into amino acids. The effect of reaction parameters such as temperature time necessary for the control towards optimum yield acids investigated. Results showed a maximum total (137 mg/g dry fish) from at T = 523 K ( P 4 MPa) 60 min in batch reactor. Under conditions (e. g., 653 , 45 MPa), decreases due rapid decomposition compared production rate results suggest...

A huge production of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and empty fruit bunches (EFB) from mills become a serious problem, nowadays.Many methods are already studied to utilize these side products in various applications; one them is the conversion POME EFB biogas.In this study, effect mixing ratio substrate on biogas was investigated.The experiment performed batch reactor with working volume 6 liters under thermophilic temperature (55 o C).Experiments were conducted by varying (20:1, 25:1, 30:1,...

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has high levels of contaminants, one which is Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) around 40,000-60,000 mg.L-1. The very COD in POME are harmful terms toxicology and aesthetics to the environment. treatment by anaerobic digestion can be carried out through Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket-Hollow Centered Packed Bed (UASB-HCPB) fermentor produce biogas, while liquid phase will end up as effluent. However, these not met quality threshold so further required. Aerobic...

The role of methanol (MeOH) in the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) ammonia (NH3) was investigated near typical operating conditions a commercial plant at 560−620 °C and 25 MPa using tubular reactor. It found that presence MeOH strongly affected reaction behavior nitrogen. With addition MeOH, concentrations more than twice initial NH3 (1.4−5.7 mmol/mol feed mixture), conversion to N2O increased by about four times 0.5−0.6 compared with no addition. production NO3- from liquid effluent up...

Crack fertilization is a soybean cultivation technique for nodulation control in which midterm subsoiling used to supply fertilizing materials deep soil just before the flowering stage. This study examined effects of and continuous application control, on yield enhancement two field experiments. The survival nodule bacteria was also evaluated by bioassay root box. When biochar were continuously applied without any other chemical fertilizers three successive years, seed weight significantly...

The aim of this research was to produce the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) compost for ornamental plant cultivation. EFB produced by chopping fresh into 1-3 cm pieces, inserting pieces basket composter (33 W × 28 L 40 H), and adding activated liquid organic fertilizer (ALOF) until moisture content (MC) in range 55-65%. During composting, pile turned every 3 days MC maintained at 55-65% ALOF. processed then mixed with sand rice husk a ratio 1:1:1; 1:3:1; 1:0:1 used as potting medium...

A waste recycling technique using sub- and supercritical water was developed for obtaining useful materials from marine wastes. As a preliminary work, the effect of reaction parameters investigated various types reactors samples. In order to obtain amino acids effectively, two main reactions (i.e. hydrolysis proteins decomposition acids) should be considered. The highest amount obtained at 523 K in time 60 min. temperature agreement with indicating maximum ion product saturated vapor...

Microwave irradiation was applied to enhance the hydrothermal degradation rate of silk protein amino acids. Results showed a significant increase in yield acids compared conventional heating method. Under microwave irradiation, favorable NaOH commonly used HCl for hydrolysis. Moreover, this technique has also demonstrated its advantages enhancing recovery tyrosine (Tyr), known precursor several neurotransmitters, from protein.

Abstract Recovery of precious metals (platinum, palladium, and rhodium) from a solid matrix sample by supercritical carbon dioxide containing chelating ligand, tributyl phosphate (TBP), was studied. The effects temperature, pressure, static extraction time on the efficiency were investigated. All experiments performed using fluid system at temperature range 40–80 °C pressure up to 30 MPa. Results showed that addition ligand necessary extract metals. Experiments with pure result in no It has...