Cu-containing nanoparticles are used in various applications order to e.g. achieve antimicrobial activities and increase the conductivity of fluids polymers. Several studies have reported on toxic effects such particles but mechanisms not completely clear. The aim this study was investigate interactions between cell membranes well-characterized CuO, Cu metal, a binary Cu-Zn alloy micron-sized metal particles. This conducted via vitro investigations (i) membrane damage lung epithelial cells...

Implantation using stainless steels (SS) is an example where understanding of protein-induced metal release from SS important when assessing potential toxicological risks. Here, the was investigated for austenitic (AISI 304, 310, and 316L), ferritic 430), duplex 2205) grades in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) solution containing either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or lysozyme (LSZ). The results show that both BSA LSZ induce significant enrichment chromium surface oxide all steel...

From an increased use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as antibacterial in consumer products follows a need to assess the environmental interaction and fate their possible dispersion release silver. This study aims elucidate exposure scenario Ag NPs potentially released from, for example, impregnated clothing by assessing changes particle properties sequential contact with synthetic sweat, laundry detergent solutions, freshwater, simulating transport path through different aquatic media. The...

Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are promising nanomaterials used in different technological solutions as well consumer products. Silver (Ag), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) represent three metallic NPs with current or suggested use applications. Pt is also vehicle exhaust catalyst leading to a possible exposure via inhalation. Despite their use, there limited data on genotoxic potential size-dependent effects, particularly for NPs. The aim of this study was explore genotoxicity these (5 50 nm)...

About 1–3% of the adult general population in Europe is allergic to chromium (Cr). The assessment potential release Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from leather hence important a human health environmental risk perspective. content was recently restricted European Union. aim this study assess possible correlations between bulk surface chemistry leather, released Cr(VI), capacities co-released specific species reduce complex Cr. Four differently tanned leathers were characterized by scanning electron...

Stainless steel is widely used in biological environments, for example as implant material or food applications, where adsorption-controlled ligand-induced metal release of importance from a corrosion, health, and safety perspective. The objective this study was to elucidate potential correlations between surface energy wettability stainless surfaces the iron complexing media. This accomplished by studying changes energies calculated contact angle measurements, oxide composition (X-ray...

Abstract Many biomedical materials used today for applications such as orthopedic, dental, and cardiovascular implants devices are made of corrosion-resistant, ‘inert’, metallic the cobalt–chromium, titanium, stainless steel alloy groups. This perspective focuses on role proteins in degradation these a human body environment. After adsorption, interact relatively slowly with metal surface oxide. A number factors, including individual chemistry (especially presence inflammatory cells...

The corrosion and metal release characteristics of additively manufactured stainless steels are key factors for their applicability in biomedical applications. effect building direction on the microstructure, behavior selective laser melted (SLM) AISI 316L steel were therefore investigated a protein-rich synthetic body fluid (PBS+BSA, pH 7.3) diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl, 1.5). A multi-analytical approach was applied to characterize SLM surfaces printed different directions (denoted XY XZ)...

Abstract Background Production of ferrochromium alloys (FeCr), master for stainless steel manufacture, involves casting and crushing processes where particles inevitably become airborne potentially inhaled. The aim this study was to assess potential health hazards induced by inhalation different well-characterized iron- chromium-based particles, i.e. ferrosiliconchromium (FeSiCr), (316L), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), chromium(III)oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), in size fractions using vitro methods. This...

Summary Background Approximately 1–3% of the adult population in Europe is allergic to chromium ( Cr ). A new restriction REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction Chemicals) based on ISO 17075 standard has recently been adopted EU limit VI ) consumer occupational leather products. Objectives The aim this study was critically assess key experimental parameters release III their relevance for skin exposure. Material methods Four differently tanned, unfinished, samples...

An increasing use of cobalt (Co)-based nanoparticles (NPs) in different applications and exposures at occupational settings triggers the need for toxicity assessment. Improved understanding regarding physiochemical characteristics Co metal NPs oxides combination with assessment mechanisms may facilitate decisions grouping during risk The aim this study was to gain mechanistic insights correlation between NP reactivity three Co-based (Co, CoO, Co3O4) by using various tools characterization,...

Chromium (Cr) is a common skin sensitizer. The use of Cr(VI) in leather restricted the EU, but that Cr(III) not.To assess whether prolonged exposure to Cr-tanned with mainly release may elicit allergic contact dermatitis Cr-allergic individuals.Ten subjects and 22 controls were patch tested serial dilutions Cr(VI), samples. They then conducted test Cr-free bracelet over period 3 weeks, for 12 h per day. Cr deposited on from bracelets was measured controls, diphenylcarbazide extraction tests...

Welding fume particles are hazardous. Their toxicity likely depends on their composition and reactivity. This study aimed at exploring the role of sodium or other fluorides (NaF), which intentionally added to flux-cored wire electrodes for stainless steel welding, solubility (in phosphate buffered saline) generated welding particles. A multi-analytical particle characterization approach along with in-vitro cell assays was undertaken. The release Cr(VI) Mn from tested as a function fluoride...

Cassava is the third most significant calorie source in tropics. Its processing has changed from traditional methods to stainless steel machines. This study investigated influence of cassava on metal release two common steels, ASTM 304 and 201, with without friction, tribocorrosion (multi-analytically) 304. was relatively corrosive hindered repassivation surface oxide steel, but it also acted as a lubricant against mechanical friction. The combined action friction caused increase iron,...

Differences in surface oxide characteristics and extent of nickel release have been investigated two thoroughly characterized micron-sized (mainly <4 μm) metal powders a bulk powder when immersed different synthetic fluids, artificial sweat (ASW-pH 6.5) lysosomal fluid (ALF-pH 4.5) for time periods up to 24 h. The investigation shows significantly more released from the (<88%) compared NiO (<0.1%), attributed differences properties. Significantly was with thin predominantly composed...

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the extent released Co, Cr(III), Cr(VI), and Mo from a biomedical high‐carbon CoCrMo alloy exposed in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), without with addition 10 µ M H 2 O (PBS + ), g L −1 bovine serum albumin BSA) for time periods up 28 days. Comparative studies were made on AISI 316L longest period. No Cr(VI) release observed any alloys either PBS or at open‐circuit potential (no applied potential). However, potentials (0.7 V vs....

Surface oxide characteristics of powder particles are important to consider for any toxicological risk assessment based on in-vitro or in-vivo tests. This study focuses a multi-analytical approach (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron scanning- and transmission microscopy, different electrochemical techniques) in-depth characterization surface oxides inert-gas-atomized (GA) AISI 316L stainless steel powder, compared with massive sheet water-atomized (WA) powder. Implications...

Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) are increasingly used in various biologically relevant applications and products, e.g., due to their antimicrobial catalytic properties. This inevitably demands for an improved understanding on interactions potential toxic effects humans. The aim of this study was investigate the corrosion copper biological media elucidate speciation released solution. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation lung cell (A549 type II) membrane damage induced by Cu...