Abstract Immiscible fluid‐fluid displacement in permeable media is important many subsurface processes, including enhanced oil recovery and geological CO 2 sequestration. Controlled by capillary viscous forces, patterns of one fluid displacing another more exhibit fingering, crossover between the two. Although extensive studies investigated fingering porous media, a few focused on rough fractures, how forces affect remains unclear. Using transparent fracture‐visualization system, we studied...

Abstract When a more viscous fluid displaces less one in porous media, pressure drop stabilizes the displacement front against capillary fluctuation. For this favorable ratio conditions, previous studies focused on instability under slow flow conditions but did not address competing effects of wettability and rate. Here we study how competition controls patterns. We propose theoretical model that describes crossover from fingering to stable as function invading contact angle θ number C . The...

This paper presents a hysteretic water retention curve (WRC) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model for deformable soils based on the change in pore-size distribution (PSD). The PSD plays decisive role behaviour of soils. Although its evolution during deformation is rather complicated, experimental data showed that overall shapes characteristics function are not significantly altered. Based these findings, at deformed state obtained by horizontal shifting vertical scaling corresponding...

Abstract High‐pressure packer test (HPPT) is an enhanced constant head for characterizing the permeability of fractured rocks under high‐pressure groundwater flow conditions. The interpretation HPPT data, however, remains difficult due to transition conditions in conducting structures and hydraulic fracturing‐induced enhancement tested rocks. In this study, a number HPPTs were performed sedimentary intrusive located at 450 m depth central Hainan Island. obtained Q‐P curves divided into...

Abstract How the wettability of pore surfaces affects supercritical (sc) CO 2 capillary trapping in geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is not well understood, and available evidence appears inconsistent. Using a high‐pressure micromodel‐microscopy system with image analysis, we studied impact on scCO during short‐term brine flooding (80 s, 8–667 volumes). Experiments displacing were conducted at 8.5 MPa 45°C water‐wet (static contact angle θ = 20° ± 8°) intermediate‐wet ( 94° 13°)...

Immiscible displacement in porous media is common many practical applications. Under quasi-static conditions, the process significantly affected by disorder of and wettability pore surface. Previous studies have focused on effects, but impact interplay between contact angle not well understood. Here, we combine microfluidic experiments pore-scale simulations with theoretical analysis to study from weak imbibition strong drainage. We define probability overlap link menisci advancements...

Groundwater flow through fractured rocks has been recognized as an important issue in many geotechnical engineering practices. Several key aspects of fundamental mechanisms, numerical modeling and applications are discussed. First, the microscopic mechanisms fluid rocks, especially under complex conditions non-Darcian flow, multiphase rock dissolution, particle transport, have revealed a combined effort visualized experiments theoretical analysis. Then, laboratory field methods...

Multiple measurements and data sets show unequivocally that levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been increasing in the Earth's atmosphere for past several centuries, with rate becoming steeper recent decades (Soeder, 2021). Carbon capture, utilization storage (CCUS) has regarded as an effective approach to swiftly cut CO2 emissions. Among existing CCUS technologies, geological highest technological maturity, is most vital "sink" consume captured CO2. For storage, large amounts need be...

Droplet impact on solid substrates is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature, agriculture, and industrial processes, playing crucial role numerous applications including self-cleaning, pesticide utilization, inkjet printing. As promising technique, adding nanoparticles into simple fluids to form nanofluids can effectively manipulate droplet behaviors. However, comprehensive understanding of how modify the dynamics, especially nanoscale, still far from being fully explored. Hence, this work,...

Abstract Salt precipitation is a crucial process occurring during CO 2 injection into saline aquifers. It significantly alters the porous space, leading to reduced permeability and impaired injectivity. While dynamics of have been studied within media, our understanding patterns evolution rough fractures remains inadequate. Here, we conduct flow‐visualization experiments on salt precipitation, wherein dry air invades brine‐filled under various flow rate conditions. Our observations reveal...

Abstract Fluid invasion into porous media to displace a more viscous fluid exhibits various displacement patterns. For such unfavorable displacements, previous works overlooked the dynamic effect of force on pattern transitions at low flow rates. Consequently, crossover from compact capillary fingering under wetting conditions remains unclear. Here, we establish theoretical model capture affected by wettability and rate. We rigorously quantify find that critical contact angles for decrease...

Colloids are ubiquitous in the natural environment, playing an important role facilitating transport of absorbed contaminants. However, due to complexities arising from two-phase flow and difficulties three-dimensional observations, detailed mechanisms colloid retention under still not well understood. In this work, we visualize during immiscible based on confocal microscopy. We find that behaviors depend strongly rate pore/grain size. At low levels saturation (high rate) with wetting liquid...

Accurate determination of the wetting characteristics on mineral surfaces is critical for many natural processes and industrial applications where multiphase flow in porous media involved. The behaviors are controlled by water–mineral interactions, giving rise to various characteristics, including contact line advancement, formation precursor films, etc. However, a fundamental understanding different still lacking at molecular level. Here, utilizing comprehensive set dynamics simulations, we...

We previously demonstrated that 4.7 kDa and 4.4 peptides are useful in diagnosing acute rejection renal transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to characterize these polypeptides assess their potential as biomarkers. were identified human beta-Defensin-1 (4.7 kDa) alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (4.4 kDa), by tandem mass spectrometry ProteinChip immunoassay. urinary abundance both polypeptides, assessed using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF MS),...

Abstract By extending Darcy's law to the dry domain above free surface and specifying boundary condition on potential seepage surfaces as Signorini's type, a partial differential equation (PDE) defined in entire of interest is formulated for non‐steady flow problems with surfaces. A new parabolic variational inequality (PVI) formulation equivalent PDE then proposed, which flux part complementary type transformed into natural condition. Consequently, singularity at points eliminated...