A5011734985- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Photonic and Optical Devices
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
- Optical Network Technologies
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
- Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Congenital heart defects research
- Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
- Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Agricultural Practices and Plant Genetics
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Kruppel-like factors research
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Mountain View College
2025
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
2022-2024
University of California, San Francisco
2015-2024
City College of San Francisco
2024
University of California, Los Angeles
2002-2015
Larry L. Hillblom Foundation
2007
Japan Science and Technology Agency
2007
Children's Hospital of Los Angeles
2004-2005
University of Southern California
2004
Hôpital Robert-Debré
2001
OBJECTIVE— Little is known about the capacity, mechanisms, or timing of growth in β-cell mass humans. We sought to establish if predominant expansion humans occurs early childhood and if, as rodents, this coincides with relatively abundant replication. also there a secondary coincident accelerated somatic adolescence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— To address these questions, pancreas volume was determined from abdominal computer tomographies 135 children aged 4 weeks 20 years, morphometric...
The endocrine pancreas undergoes major remodeling during neonatal development when replication of differentiated β cells is the mechanism by which cell mass regulated. molecular mechanisms that govern terminally are unclear. We show development, cyclin D2 expression in coincides with and a massive increase islet mass. Using D2–/– mice, we demonstrate required for but expendable exocrine ductal replication. As result, 14-day-old mice display dramatically smaller islets 4-fold reduction...
The importance of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions for the proper development pancreas has been acknowledged since early 1960s, even though molecule(s) mediating this process have remained unknown. We demonstrate here that Fgf10, a member fibroblast growth factor family (FGFs), plays an essential role in process. show Fgf10 is expressed mesenchyme directly adjacent to dorsal and ventral pancreatic epithelial buds. In Fgf10–/– mouse embryos, evagination epithelium initial formation buds...
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elucidate whether age plays a role in the expansion or regeneration β-cell mass. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed capacity 1.5- and 8-month-old mice response high-fat diet, after short-term treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog exendin-4, streptozotocin (STZ) administration. RESULTS Young responded diet by increasing mass proliferation maintaining normoglycemia. Old mice, contrast, did not display any increases became diabetic. To...
We demonstrate a new concept for analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion based on photonic time stretch. The analog electrical signal is intensity modulated chirp optical waveform generated by dispersing an ultrashort pulse. chirped dispersed in fiber, leading to the stretching of its envelope. have derived analytical expressions stretch factor and resolution system. An converter (ADC) consisting time-stretch preprocessor 1-Gsample/s electronic ADC demonstrated. This technique promising A/D...
The molecular mechanisms that regulate the age-induced increase of p16 INK4a expression associated with decreased β-cell proliferation and regeneration are not well understood. We report in aged islets, derepression Ink4a/Arf locus is Bmi-1 binding, loss H2A ubiquitylation, increased MLL1 recruitment, a concomitant H3K4 trimethylation. During these histone modifications reversed resulting reduced proliferation. suggest PcG TrxG proteins impart combinatorial code on to control during aging...
Regulation of cell differentiation programs requires complex interactions between transcriptional and epigenetic networks. Elucidating the principal molecular events responsible for establishment maintenance fate identities will provide important insights into how lineages are specified maintained improve our ability to recapitulate in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that Nkx2.2 is part a large repression pancreatic β cells includes DNMT3a, Grg3, HDAC1. Mutation endogenous tinman (TN)...
Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in response to postprandial increases glucose levels prevent hyperglycemia and inhibit secretion under fasting conditions protect against hypoglycemia. lack this functional capability at birth acquire glucose-stimulated (GSIS) during neonatal life. Here, we have shown that postnatal life, the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A initiates a metabolic program by repressing key genes, thereby enabling coupling of levels. In murine model, cell-specific...
Diabetes is associated with loss of functional pancreatic β-cells, and restoration β-cells a major goal for regenerative therapies. Endogenous regeneration via β-cell replication has the potential to restore cellular mass; however, pharmacological agents that promote or expansion endogenous have been elusive. The capacity declines rapidly age, due accumulation p16INK4a, resulting in limited adult endocrine pancreas regeneration. Here, we show transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling...
Pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) differentiate during fetal life, but only postnatally acquire the capacity for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). How this happens is not clear. In exploring what molecular mechanisms drive maturation of β-cell function, we found that control cellular signaling in β-cells fundamentally switched from nutrient sensor target rapamycin (mTORC1) to energy 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and was critical functional maturation....
Smad proteins are critical intracellular mediators of signaling by growth and differentiation factors the transforming factor β superfamily. We have isolated a member family, Smad8, from rat brain cDNA library biochemically functionally characterized its ability to transduce signals serine kinase receptors. In Xenopus embryo, Smad8 is able transcriptionally activate subset mesoderm target genes similar those induced receptor kinase, activin receptor-like (ALK)-2. can be specifically...
A chirped optical supercontinuum is used to map absorption spectra into temporal waveforms. Time-domain spectral measurement of acetylene demonstrated using a modelocked fibre laser as the source broadband radiation and sampling oscilloscope for measurement.
A new concept for analogue-to-digital conversion (ADC) is proposed and demonstrated. The analogue signal stretched in time prior to sampling quantisation. Time stretching increases the input bandwidth rate of ADC best implemented using optoelectronic techniques.
BackgroundThe failure of immune surveillance to remove senescent cells drives age-related diseases. Here, we target an endogenous mechanism that can promote elimination and reverse disease progression.MethodsWe identify a class lipid-activated T cells,invariant natural killer (iNKTs), are involved in the removal pathologic cells. We use two models which accumulate test whether activation iNKT was sufficient eliminate vivo.FindingsSenescent preadipocytes white adipose tissue chronic high-fat...
The endocrine pancreas undergoes major remodeling during neonatal development when replication of differentiated β cells is the mechanism by which cell mass regulated. molecular mechanisms that govern terminally are unclear. We show development, cyclin D2 expression in coincides with and a massive increase islet mass. Using D2–/– mice, we demonstrate required for but expendable exocrine ductal replication. As result, 14-day-old mice display dramatically smaller islets 4-fold reduction...
Diabetes results from an inadequate mass of functional beta-cells. Such inadequacy could result loss beta-cells due to immune assault or the inability compensate for insulin resistance. Thus, mechanisms that regulate number will be key understanding both pathogenesis diabetes and developing therapies. In this study, we show cell cycle regulator p27 plays a crucial role in establishing formed before birth. We accumulates terminally differentiated during embryogenesis. Disabling allows newly...