The young leaves of Vernonia amygdalina are often utilized as vegetable and for medicinal purpose compared to the old leaves. This study was designed evaluate compare antidiabetic effects between ethanolic leaf extracts V. on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat four weeks. Preliminary screening both revealed presence same phytochemicals except flavonoids which only present in . Difference antioxidant power statistically significant (<mml:math...

Plasmodium falciparum infections presenting either as symptomatic or asymptomatic may contain sexual stage parasites (gametocytes) that are crucial to malaria transmission. In this study, the prevalence of microscopic and submicroscopic asexual gametocyte parasite stages were assessed in children from two communities southern Ghana. Eighty aged twelve years below, none whom exhibited signs clinical living Obom Cape Coast sampled twice, one during rainy (July 2015) subsequently dry (January...

Efforts have been intensified to search for more effective antimalarial agents because of the observed failure some artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) treatments malaria in Ghana. Xylopic acid, a pure compound isolated from fruits Xylopia aethiopica, was investigated establish its attributable prophylactic, curative antimalarial, and antipyretic properties. The properties were determined by employing xylopic acid (10-100 mg/kg) ICR mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. exerted...

Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) are parasite features that have been suggested to influence the acquisition protective immunity against malaria. This study sought assess relationship between MOI density (PD) in malaria patients living Central Region Ghana determine whether naturally occurring antibody levels P. GLURP (PF3D7_1035300) MSP3 (PF3D7_1035400) antigens associated with decreased load. Dried filter paper blood blots were obtained from...

Recent advances in malaria control efforts have led to an increased number of national programmes implementing pre-elimination measures and demonstrated the need develop new tools track transmission. Key understanding transmission is monitoring prevalence immune response against sexual stages parasite, known as gametocytes, which are responsible for Sexual-stage specific antigens, Pfs230 Pfs48/45, been identified shown be targets blocking antibodies, but they difficult produce recombinantly...

Cryptolepine (CPE) is the major indoloquinoline isolated from popular West African anti-malarial plant, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. CPE possesses various pharmacological activities with potent activity against both chloroquine (CQ)-resistant and -sensitive strains. The search for safe novel agents combinations to delay resistance development Plasmodium falciparum directed this work aimed at evaluating interaction safety of in combination some artemisinin derivatives. vitro SYBR Green I,...

Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has been adopted as policy by most countries sub-Saharan Africa. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of IPTp-SP usage for prevention malaria among pregnant women well evaluated factors associated use during Sekondi-Takoradi region Ghana.Pregnant attending their antenatal-care either clinical/ultrasound evidence were recruited. Venous blood was screened using RAPID response antibody kit...

Apicomplexan parasites have challenged researchers for nearly a century. A major challenge to developing efficient treatments and vaccines is the parasite’s ability change its cellular molecular makeup develop intracellular extracellular niches in hosts. Ca 2+ signaling an important messenger egress of malaria parasite from infected erythrocyte, gametogenesis, ookinete motility mosquito, sporozoite invasion mammalian hepatocytes. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) crucial functions...

The study aimed at investigating the effects of adult uncomplicated malaria on insulin resistance. Fasting levels blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum were measured in 100 diabetics age-matched controls before during Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Insulin resistance beta cell function computed by homeostatic models assessment (HOMAIR) (HOMAB) formulae, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was computed. At baseline, had significantly (P < 0.05) higher BMI, FBG,...

The clinical outcome of falciparum malaria in endemic areas is influenced by erythrocyte polymorphisms including the ABO blood groups. Studies have reported association group to resistance, susceptibility, and severity P. infection. Individuals with "A" been found be highly susceptible whereas "O" said confer protection against complicated cases. We analyzed samples from 293 young children less than six years old Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Accra, Ghana. It was observed that O present about...

About 20-90% of the world's population has had contact with Toxoplasma gondii parasites. The aim this study was to determine seroprevalence and risk factors associated T. infection in Central Region, Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional conducted three selected communities. Serum samples were tested for presence anti-T. IgG IgM antibodies by ELISA. serological criterion seropositivity a positive test result any two anti-Toxoplasma or combination both. In all, 390 participants mean age...

To conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in Central Region of Ghana.A cross-sectional study was conducted three randomly selected communities Region, Ghana. Visual acuity (VA) measurement, dilated fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy and serology testing were performed all participants. Ocular diagnosed based characteristic retinal lesions supported positive serologic using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.A total 390...

Most prescribers and patients in Ghana now opt for the relatively expensive artemether/lumefantrine rather than artesunate-amodiaquine due to undesirable side effects treatment of uncomplicated malaria. The study sought determine existence substandard and/or counterfeit artemether-lumefantrine tablets suspension as well artemether injection on market Cape Coast. Six brands tablets, two suspensions, injections were purchased from pharmacies Coast study. mechanical properties evaluated....

Anti-malarial herbal preparations (HPs) continue to enjoy high patronage in Ghana despite reports that the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), recommended first choice for treatment of uncomplicated malaria country, remains efficacious. A major issue with use these is inadequate or unreliable data on their efficacy and quality. An assessment potency quality most popular commercial anti-malarial HPs was, therefore, carried out. The outcome this investigation herein discussed preceded...

To evaluate the antimalarial and antioxidant properties of stem bark extracts Haematostaphis barteri (H. barteri). The prophylactic activity plant was performed by dosing mice with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg), aqueous extract (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) dichloromethane/methanol (D/M) H. for 3 days. On 4th day, were inoculated Plasmodium berghei. parasite density estimated each mouse 72 h post-parasite inoculation. curative also inoculating Three days later, they treated...

Unlike other countries, the chloroquine resistant marker Pfcrt T76 mutant has remained fairly stable in Ghana several years after official disuse of chloroquine. Certain mutations Pfmdr1 may potentiate T76, offering a possible explanation for this observation. To understand phenomenon, co-existence with Ghanaian Plasmodium falciparum isolates was studied. The reported presence parasites reduced sensitivity to amodiaquine and quinine country also Blood samples collected from confirmed malaria...

The use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as an intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) against malaria during pregnancy has become a policy in most sub-Sahara African countries and crucially depends on the efficacy SP. This study sets out to evaluate effectiveness SP given pregnant women some selected health facilities Central Region Ghana prevent maternal women. A total 543 recruited from 7 centres participated study. Parasite density Plasmodium falciparum was determined peripheral blood...

After years of disuse chloroquine (CQ) as first-line anti-malarial drug in Ghana, reports from molecular studies conducted parts the country indicate varying prevalence T76 mutation pfcrt gene. This situation has several health implications, one being that mutations confer resistance to CQ have been reported show substantial cross-resistance other drugs. It is important identify some factors contributing continuous presence markers country. study determined gene Plasmodium falciparum...

Malaria infections undetectable by microscopy but detectable Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (submicroscopic malaria) are common in endemic areas like Ghana. Submicroscopic malaria has been linked with severe pregnancy outcomes as well contributing to transmission. In this cross-sectional study 872 consenting pregnant women (gestation ≥ 20 weeks) were recruited from 8 hospitals Central Region, Ghana, between July and December 2009. infection was detected PCR. Haemoglobin measured anaemia...

Information on the extent to which oxidative stress and inflammation occur in presence of falciparum malaria type 2 diabetes mellitus same individual is limited. This study sought investigate adult uncomplicated by measuring fasting levels lipid peroxides, C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant power (TAP) before during malaria, 100 respondents with age-matched controls Cape Coast metropolis Ghana. Also, body adiposity index, mass waist-to-hip ratio were computed. Before patients...