Abstract COVID-19 prevention strategies in resource limited settings, modelled on the earlier response high income countries, have thus far focused draconian containment strategies, which impose movement restrictions a wide scale. These are unlikely to prevent cases from surging well beyond existing hospitalisation capacity; not withstanding their likely severe social and economic costs long term. We suggest that low-income time should be considered primarily as an opportunity develop...

During 2010-2012, extreme food insecurity and famine in Somalia were estimated to account for 256,000 deaths. Since 2014 has experienced recurrent below-average rainfall, with consecutive failed rains late 2016 2017 leading large-scale drought, displacement epidemics. We wished estimate mortality across from 2018, measure the excess death toll attributable 2017-2018 drought-triggered crisis. used a statistical approach akin small-area estimation, relying solely on existing data. identified...

BackgroundWhile the impact of COVID-19 pandemic has been well documented in high-income countries, less is known about health effects Somalia, where systems are weak and vital registration underdeveloped.MethodsWe used remote sensing geospatial analysis to quantify burial numbers from January 2017 September 2020 Mogadishu. We imputed missing grave counts using surface area data. Simple interpolation a generalised additive mixed growth model were predict actual counterfactual rates by...

After years of decline and disintegration, the Somalia Federal Government alongside international domestic partners is beginning process rebuilding its national health system. In this study, we aim to shed light on current approaches system strengthening, as viewed by stakeholders closely involved in development.Key informant interviews were undertaken with development professionals working within all three administrative regions Somalia, well Somali ministry officials, global policy...

The Syrian armed conflict is the worst humanitarian tragedy this century. With approximately 470,000 deaths and more than 13 million people displaced, continues to have a devastating impact on health system outcomes within country. Hundreds of international national non-governmental organisations, as well United Nations agencies responded crisis in Syria. While there has been significant attention challenges meeting needs refugees neighbouring countries such Jordan, Lebanon Turkey, very...

<title>Abstract</title> Background The war in Tigray region, Ethiopia (November 2020 to November 2022) ended with formal commitments accountability, but these have yet produce publicly available accounts of the harm caused by conflict. Methods We carried out an online survey Tigrayan diaspora estimate mortality amongst children, adults, and older adults during, prior to, war-period, soliciting retrospective demographic information on respondents’ their spouses’ extended family inside Tigray....

Abstract Background The war in Tigray Region, Ethiopia (November 2020 to November 2022) ended with formal commitments accountability, but these have yet produce publicly available accounts of the harms caused by conflict. Methods We carried out an online survey Tigrayan diaspora estimate mortality amongst children, adults, and older adults during, prior to, war-period. collected retrospective demographic information on respondents’, their spouses’, extended family inside Tigray. To mitigate...

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak was confirmed in Liberia on March 31st 2014. A response comprising of diverse expertise mobilized and deployed to the country contain transmission give relief a people already impoverished from protracted civil war. This paper describes epidemiological surveillance EVD Lofa County September Five 6 districts were affected. The most affected Voinjama/Guardu Gbondi Foya. By 26th September, 2014, total 619 cases, including 19.4% probable 20.3% suspected cases...

Populations affected by crises (armed conflict, food insecurity, natural disasters) are poorly covered demographic surveillance. As such, crisis-wide estimation of population mortality is extremely challenging, resulting in a lack evidence to inform humanitarian response and conflict resolution.We describe here 'small-area estimation' method circumvent these data gaps quantify both total excess (i.e. crisis-attributable) death rates tolls, overall for granular geographic (e.g. district) time...

The global COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in its scope and impact. While a great deal of research has been directed towards the response high-income countries, relatively little known about way which decision-makers low-income crisis-affected countries have contended with epidemic. Through use an priori decision framework, we aimed to evaluate process policy operational decision-making relation Somalia, chronically fragile country, focusing particularly on information role transparency....

Introduction Despite recognition that health research is an imperative to progress toward universal coverage, resources for are limited. Yet, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, more than 85% of the available spent on answering less relevant questions. This misalignment partially due absence locally determined priorities. In this study, we identified priorities which, if implemented, can inform local interventions required accelerate coverage Somalia. Methods We adapted child and nutrition...

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak was confirmed in Liberia on March 31st 2014.A response comprising of diverse expertise mobilized and deployed to the country contain transmission give relief a people already impoverished from protracted civil war.This paper describes epidemiological surveillance EVD Lofa County September 2014.Five 6 districts were affected.The most affected Voinjama/Guardu Gbondi Foya.By 26th September, 2014, total 619 cases, including 19.4% probable 20.3% suspected cases...

Over the past 30 years, south-central Somalia, Puntland (north-east) and Somaliland (north-west) have experienced recurring drought- conflict-related crises. By end of 2018, number internally displaced persons (IDPs) in region had reached 2.6 million; most were to larger towns under government control, where humanitarian assistance was more accessible. Understanding drivers crisis-related displacement can provide insight into how responses best manage respond prevent downstream morbidity...

Armed conflict, displacement and food insecurity have affected Adamawa, Borno, Yobe states of northeast Nigeria (population ≈ 12 million) since 2009. Insecurity escalated in 2013 to 2015, but the humanitarian response was delayed crisis’ health impact unquantified due incomplete death registration limited ground access. We estimated mortality attributable this crisis using a small-area estimation approach that circumvented these challenges. fitted mixed effects model household data collected...

Abstract Background A protracted Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic in the eastern Ituri, North and South Kivu provinces of Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) caused 3470 confirmed probable cases between July 2018 April 2020. During epidemic, International Federation Red Cross Crescent Societies (IFRC) supported DRC other local actors to offer safe dignified burials (SDB) for suspected EVD cases, so as reduce transmission associated with infectious dead bodies. We conducted a retrospective...

This paper presents findings from a literature review of methods that explicitly assess the appropriateness humanitarian response. We set out to highlight key features and limitations each method introduce definition conceptual framework for measurement interpretation responses. is part broader project enhance accountability responses through developing auditing approaches real-time monitoring. identified eight analyse The revealed existing vary considerably in their definitions...

To assess recent (2006-2010) tuberculosis (TB) funding patterns in conflict and non-conflict-affected fragile states to inform global policy.The Creditor Reporting System was analysed for official development assistance disbursements towards TB control 11 conflict-affected states, 17 38 comparable non-fragile states. The amounts of funding, relative burden, malaria human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) control, commitments, sources as well activities were extracted analysed.Fragile received on...

Abstract Background Sample surveys are the mainstay of surveillance for acute malnutrition in settings affected by crises but burdensome and have limited geographical coverage due to insecurity other access issues. As a possible complement surveys, we explored statistical approach predict prevalent burden small population strata two crisis-affected countries, Somalia (2014–2018) South Sudan (2015–2018). Methods For each country, sourced datasets generated humanitarian actors or entities on...

Abstract Background During 2010-2012, extreme food insecurity and famine in Somalia were estimated to account for 256,000 deaths. Since 2014 has experienced recurrent below-average rainfall, with consecutive failed rains late 2016 2017 leading large-scale drought, displacement epidemics. We wished estimate mortality across from 2018, measure the excess death toll attributable 2017-2018 drought-triggered crisis. Methods used a statistical approach akin small-area estimation, relying solely on...