A5038738846- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Global Health and Surgery
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Sex work and related issues
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
2008-2025
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
2024
Morehouse School of Medicine
2024
Jersey Shore University Medical Center
2024
University of Nairobi
2001-2023
Maastricht University
2023
SIMAD University
2023
University of Lahore
2023
Khyber Medical University
2022
Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative
2008-2021
HIV-1–specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been detected at a low frequency in many HIV-1–exposed, persistently seronegative (HEPS) subjects. However, it is unclear how CTLs could protect against HIV acquisition HEPS subjects, when high levels of circulating CTL fail to prevent disease progression most seropositive To address this issue we studied CD8+ lymphocyte panel HIV-1 epitopes 91 and 87 HIV-1–infected Nairobi sex workers. HIV-specific women focused strongly on rarely...
Background Clinical laboratory reference intervals have not been established in many African countries, and non-local are commonly used clinical trials to screen monitor adverse events (AEs) among participants. Using derived from other populations excludes potential trial volunteers Africa makes AE assessment challenging. The objective of this study was establish for 25 hematology, immunology biochemistry values healthy adults typical those who might join a trial. Methods Findings Equal...
Background We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase I study of recombinant replication-defective adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) vector expressing HIV-1 Gag and Pol from subtype B Env subtypes A, C, given alone or as boost following DNA plasmid vaccine the same proteins plus Nef, in 114 healthy HIV-uninfected African adults. Methodology/Principal Findings Volunteers were randomized to 4 groups receiving rAd5 intramuscularly at dosage levels 1×1010 1×1011 particle units (PU)...
ABSTRACT The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay is used routinely to evaluate the potency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine candidates and other candidates. In order compare pool data from multiple trial laboratories, validated standardized methods must be applied across laboratories. Proficiency panels are a key part comprehensive quality assurance program monitor inter- intralaboratory performance, as well over time. Seven International AIDS...
We are developing a pan-clade HIV-1 T-cell vaccine HIVconsv, which could complement Env vaccines for prophylaxis and be key to HIV cure. Our strategy focuses vaccine-elicited effector T-cells on functionally structurally conserved regions (not full-length proteins not only epitopes) of the proteome, common most global variants which, if mutated, cause replicative fitness loss. first clinical trial in low risk HIV-1-negative adults Oxford demonstrated principle that naturally mostly...
Multiple intravaginal HIV prevention methods, including microbicide gels, barriers, and rings, are in clinical development Africa. Development of products requires an understanding sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infection (STI), vaginitis prevalences, vaginal practices potential target populations. We assessed these factors a cohort Kenyan female sex workers (FSW). Women who reported exchanging for money/gifts at least three times the past month were uninfected enrolled followed 6...
We report the first-in-human safety and immunogenicity assessment of a prototype intranasally administered, replication-competent Sendai virus (SeV)-vectored, human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. Sixty-five HIV-1-uninfected adults in Kenya, Rwanda, United Kingdom were assigned to receive 4 prime-boost regimens (administered at 0 months, respectively; ratio vaccine placebo recipients, 12:4): priming with lower-dose SeV-Gag given intranasally, followed by boosting an adenovirus...
Even within the context of antiretroviral treatment and prevention, an HIV-1 vaccine remains best strategy for ending HIV/AIDS epidemic. A is particularly needed in sub-Saharan Africa, where greatly affects people's lives economy. Here, we aimed to assess safety immunogenicity candidate T-cell vaccines African populations. HIV-CORE 006 was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial conducted across four clinical research centres Uganda, Kenya, Zambia. Eligible participants...
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the performance, effectiveness, and costs of a decentralized antenatal syphilis screening program in Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS: Health clinic data, quality control were analyzed. RESULTS: The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) seroprevalence was 3.4%. In terms screening, treatment, partner notification, program's performance adequate. effectiveness problematic because false-negative false-positive RPR results. cost per averted case calculated be US$95 US$112....
An understanding of the health potential volunteers in Africa is essential for safe and efficient conduct clinical trials, particularly trials preventive technologies such as vaccines that enroll healthy individuals. Clinical safety laboratory values used screening, enrolment follow-up African trial have largely been based on derived from industrialized countries Europe North America. This report describes baseline morbidity during recruitment a multi-center, reference intervals...
Untreated maternal syphilis during pregnancy will cause adverse outcomes in more than 60% of the infected women. In Nairobi, Kenya, prevalence pregnant women 2.9% 1989, showed a rise to 6.5% 1993, parallel an increase HIV-1 rates. Since early 1990s, decentralized STD/HIV prevention and control programmes, including specific programme, were developed public health facilities Nairobi. 1992 has been monitored. This paper reports findings 81,311 between 1994 1997. A total 4244 (5.3%) tested...
Background With the persistent challenges towards controlling HIV epidemic, there is an ongoing need for research into vaccines and drugs. Sub-Saharan African countries - worst affected by pandemic have participated in conduct of clinical trials vaccines. In Kenya, Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative (KAVI) at University Nairobi has conducted vaccine since 2001. Methodology Participants were recruited after extensive informed consent process followed screening to determine eligibility. Screening...
Introduction Despite recognition that health research is an imperative to progress toward universal coverage, resources for are limited. Yet, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, more than 85% of the available spent on answering less relevant questions. This misalignment partially due absence locally determined priorities. In this study, we identified priorities which, if implemented, can inform local interventions required accelerate coverage Somalia. Methods We adapted child and nutrition...
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), a rare complication of systemic sarcoidosis, can have subtle or no symptoms. It is characterized by granuloma formation in the myocardium, which occur isolation alongside sarcoidosis. Clinical manifestations include conduction system disorders (e.g., atrioventricular block and ventricular tachyarrhythmia), heart failure, sudden cardiac death. Timely evaluation screening for CS are crucial, especially patients with limited We present case 50-year-old African-American...
Background: The world needs an effective HIV-1/AIDS vaccine. Even in the broader context of antiretroviral treatment and prevention, a vaccine remains best solution likely key component any package truly ending AIDS epidemic. Vaccine is particularly needed most affected regions like sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV-1 significantly impacts people's lives economy.Methods: CD8+ killer T cells impose selective pressure on their protective potential should be utilized for vaccination. Our program...
Cell surface expression of α4β7, α4β1 and αEβ7 integrins play a key role in T cell distribution. Understanding the contribution to density ratios CD4+: CD4negT at portals entry for HIV is fundamental importance advance more effective prevention strategies. We therefore set out characterize compare on systemic, cervical rectal CD4+ cells isolated from cohort healthy Kenyan women low risk sexually transmitted infections (STI) (n = 45). Here we show that blood cervix were enriched α4+β1+CD4+T...
Background Mucosal specimens are essential to evaluate compartmentalized immune responses HIV vaccine candidates and other mucosally targeted investigational products. We studied the acceptability feasibility of repeated mucosal sampling in East African clinical trial participants at low risk sexually transmitted infections. Methods Findings The Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative (KAVI) enrolled into three Phase 1 trials preventive candidate vaccines 2011–2012 two research centers Nairobi. After...
In this study, we assessed the feasibility of collecting standardized nasal and salivary samples at centers in Nairobi (Kenya), Kigali (Rwanda), London (United Kingdom) using different collection devices media (synthetic absorptive matrices versus flocked swabs, Salimetrics oral swabs whole fluid collection). We detected anti-Gag (p24) envelope (gp140) antibodies both collections from all HIV-infected individuals, cross-reactive anti-p24 were 10% HIV-uninfected individuals enrolled one site....
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a significant occupational risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Vaccination remains the most effective measure recommended to avert risk. However, there’s limited information on vaccine uptake rates and seroprotection status HCWs, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed assess vaccination also HCWs three selected public hospitals Kenya. was cross-sectional carried out among at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Naivasha Mbagathi County...