A5043775431- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Sex work and related issues
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Hepatitis C virus research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Emory University
2016-2025
Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group
2016-2025
University of Oxford
2008-2022
University of East Anglia
2022
Norwich Research Park
2022
Centre for Human Genetics
2022
Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas
2022
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
2014-2017
Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell
2017
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
2017
Sexual behavior following voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) is described in 963 cohabiting heterosexual couples with one positive negative partner ('discordant couples'). Biological markers were used to assess the validity of self-report.Couples recruited from a same-day VCT center Lusaka, Zambia. exposures without condoms recorded at 3-monthly intervals. Sperm detected on vaginal smears, pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STD) including HIV, gonorrhea, syphilis, Trichomonas...
OBJECTIVE--To determine whether HIV testing and counselling increased condom use decreased heterosexual transmission of in discordant couples. DESIGN--Prospective study. SETTING--Kigali, the capital Rwanda. SUBJECTS--Cohabiting couples with serology results. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Condom couple seroconversion negative partners. RESULTS--60 were identified, whom 53 followed for an average 2.2 years. The proportion using condoms from 4% to 57% after one year follow up. During up two 23 men six...
Significantly higher levels of plasma CXCL13 [chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13] were associated with the generation broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV in a large longitudinal cohort HIV-infected individuals. Germinal centers (GCs) perform remarkable task optimizing B-cell Ab responses. GCs are required for almost all receptor affinity maturation and will be critical parameter to monitor if bnAbs induced by vaccination. However, lymphoid tissue is rarely available from...
Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 typically results in one genetic variant establishing systemic infection. We compared, for 137 linked pairs, the amino acid sequences encoded by non-envelope genes viruses both partners and demonstrate a selection bias residues that are predicted to confer increased vivo fitness on newly infected, immunologically naïve recipient. Although tempered risk factors, such as donor viral load, genital inflammation, recipient gender, this provides an overall...
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are thought to be a critical component of protective HIV vaccine. However, designing vaccines immunogens able elicit bnAbs has proven unsuccessful date. Understanding the correlates and immunological mechanisms leading development bnAb responses during natural infection is thus design The IAVI Protocol C program investigates large longitudinal cohort primary HIV-1 in Eastern South Africa. Development neutralization was evaluated 439 donors using 6...
Background Rwandan individuals bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are at-risk Ebola virus disease. A 2019 to 2021 vaccination campaign called UMURINZI offered a Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. 2-dose heterologous vaccine regimen (Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo) aged ≥2 years and not pregnant. In this region with high rates pregnancy, preventing pregnancy until their second dose is essential ensure full protection. This analysis describes contraceptive use, incidence, serious...
Certain histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are associated with improved clinical outcomes for individuals infected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but the mechanisms their effects remain undefined. An early CD8(+) T-cell escape mutation in dominant HLA-B57-restricted Gag epitope TW10 (TSTLQEQIGW) has been shown to impair HIV-1 replication capacity vitro. We demonstrate here that this T(242)N substitution capsid protein is upstream mutations at residues H(219),...
We evaluated the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling on self-reported condom spermicide use corresponding HIV seroconversion gonorrhea rates in urban Rwandan women.Prospective cohort study with 2 years follow-up, comparison outcome variables before after an intervention, measured a control group that did not receive intervention.Outpatient research clinic Kigali, capital Rwanda.One thousand four hundred fifty-eight childbearing women, 32% whom were infected...
Objectives To describe sexual interaction, and HIV-related communication in Rwandan couples, to examine their relationship HIV testing, condom use. Study design Cross-sectional survey of a longitudinal cohort. Methods In 1988, women recruited for an epidemiological study HIV, interested male partners, received confidential counseling. Two years after enrollment, 876 reporting one steady partner the past year completed questionnaire addressing sexual, communication, motivation, violence...
In a study of 114 epidemiologically linked Zambian transmission pairs, we evaluated the impact human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I)–associated amino acid polymorphisms, presumed to reflect cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape in Gag and Nef virus transmitted from chronically infected donor, on plasma viral load (VL) matched recipients 6 mo after infection. CTL mutations were seen donors, which subsequently recipients, largely unchanged soon We observed significant correlation between...
HLA-B*5703 is associated with effective immune control in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Here we describe an escape mutation within the immunodominant HLA-B*5703-restricted epitope chronic HIV-1 infection, KAFSPEVIPMF (Gag 162-172), and demonstrate that this reduces viral replicative capacity. Reversion of following transmission to HLA-B*5703-negative recipients was delayed by compensatory S165N same epitope. These data may help explain observed association between...
One aim for an HIV vaccine is to elicit neutralizing antibodies (Nab) that can limit replication of genetically diverse viruses and prevent establishment a new infection. Thus, identifying the strengths weaknesses Nab during early stages natural infection could prove useful in achieving this goal. Here we demonstrate viral escape readily occurred despite development high titer autologous two subjects with acute/early subtype C To provide detailed portrayal pathways, resistant variants...
HLA-B*57 is the class I allele most consistently associated with control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, which may be linked to specific HIV peptides that this presents cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and resulting efficacy these cellular immune responses. In two C clade-infected populations in South Africa Zambia, we sought elucidate role HLA-B*5703 disease outcome. HLA-B*5703-restricted CTL responses select for escape mutations three Gag p24 epitopes, a predictable...
BackgroundMost HIV-1 transmission in Africa occurs among HIV-1-discordant couples (one partner infected and one uninfected) who are unaware of their discordant serostatus. Given the high incidence to assess efficacy interventions for reducing transmission, represent a critical target population prevention trials. Substantial regional differences exist prevalence Africa, but discordance African couples, has not previously been reported.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe Partners Prevention...
Significance HIV infection is associated with elevated inflammation and aberrant cellular immune activation. Indeed, the activation status of an HIV-infected individual often more predictive disease trajectory than viral load. Here, we highlight importance replicative fitness transmitted variant in driving early inflammatory state, characterized by T-cell dysfunction. This impact on homeostasis independent protective host response genes Highly replicating variants were also significantly...
OBJECTIVES. This study examined hormonal contraceptive use and pregnancy in urban Rwandan women, following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing counseling. METHODS. A sample of 1458 childbearing women aged 18 to 35 years was tested followed for 2 years. RESULTS. At enrollment, 17% 998 HIV-negative 11% 460 HIV-positive were pregnant, vs 23%, respectively, using contraceptives. One year later, half the one third hormonal-contraceptive users had discontinued use. The 2-year...