A5025137886- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Genital Health and Disease
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Sex work and related issues
- Child Abuse and Trauma
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Global Health and Epidemiology
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Christian Medical College, Vellore
2004-2025
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre
2016-2025
Christian Medical College
2001-2025
Tumaini University
2006-2019
Harvard University Press
2013
Preexposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs has been effective in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection some trials but not others.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 2120 HIV-negative women Kenya, South Africa, and Tanzania to receive either a combination tenofovir disoproxil fumarate emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) or placebo once daily. The primary objective was assess effectiveness TDF-FTC preventing HIV acquisition evaluate...
Abstract In Tanzania access to urban and rural primary health care is relatively widespread, yet there evidence of considerable bypassing services; questions have been raised about how improve functionality. The aim this study was explore the experiences workers working in facilities Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, terms their motivation work, satisfaction frustration, identify areas for sustainable improvement services they provide. issues arising pertain complexities multitasking an...
BackgroundMost HIV-1 transmission in Africa occurs among HIV-1-discordant couples (one partner infected and one uninfected) who are unaware of their discordant serostatus. Given the high incidence to assess efficacy interventions for reducing transmission, represent a critical target population prevention trials. Substantial regional differences exist prevalence Africa, but discordance African couples, has not previously been reported.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe Partners Prevention...
Background: Several clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), with or without emtricitabine (FTC), as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for reducing risk HIV acquisition. Adherence to study product was insufficient demonstrate FTC/TDF in 2 PrEP conducted among women (FEM-PrEP Vaginal Oral Interventions Control Epidemic study), but further analyses adherence these studies may inform demonstration projects future prevention...
Background and objectives: Heterosexual HIV-1–serodiscordant couples are increasingly recognized as an important source of new HIV-1 infections in sub-Saharan Africa. A simple risk assessment tool could be useful for identifying at highest transmission. Methods: Using data from 3 prospective studies 7 African countries standard methods development clinical prediction rules, the authors derived validated a scoring developed multivariate modeling composed key predictors that measured research...
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that affects millions of women worldwide. The role as an underlying factor in poor birth outcomes remains area where strong evidence lacking. aim this study was to determine the association between intimate and preterm delivery (PTB) low weight (LBW).A prospective cohort conducted among 1112 pregnant attending antenatal care Moshi-Tanzania. were enrolled before 24 weeks gestation, followed-up at week 34 exposure during pregnancy,...
<h3>Importance</h3> Approximately 140 million children worldwide have experienced the death of one or both parents. These children, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, higher rates mental health problems than those who not parental death. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may improve well-being these but to our knowledge there been no randomized clinical trials specifically focused on this population. <h3>Objectives</h3> To test effectiveness trauma-focused CBT (TF-CBT) for...
Abstract Guided by the conceptual framework of Health Belief Model, this study aimed to identify factors associated with pregnant women's expressed willingness accept voluntary counselling and HIV-testing (VCT). A cross-sectional interview survey 500 women, complemented focus group discussions, was conducted in Kilimanjaro region Tanzania. Constructs derived from Model explained 41.7% VCT. Perceived high personal susceptibility HIV/AIDS, barriers related confidentiality partner involvement,...
Abstract Background Folate and iron deficiency during pregnancy are risk factors for anaemia, preterm delivery, low birth weight, may contribute to poor neonatal health increased maternal mortality. The World Health Organization recommends supplementation of folic acid (FA) all pregnant women at malnutrition prevent anaemia. We assessed the use prenatal among in a geographical area with high prevalence relation socio-demographic, morbidity services utilization factors. Methods analysed...
This study was designed to test the feasibility and child clinical outcomes for group‐based trauma‐focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF‐CBT) orphaned children in Tanzania. There were 64 with at least mild symptoms of grief and/or traumatic stress their guardians who participated this open trial. The TF‐CBT Child Traumatic Grief protocol adapted use a group, resulting 12 weekly sessions separately conjoint activities 3 individual visits guardian. Using task‐sharing approach, intervention...
COVID-19 is a major public health threat associated with the increased global burden of infectious diseases, mortality, and enormous economic loss to countries communities. Safe efficacious vaccines are crucial in halting pandemic. We assessed vaccine uptake factors among community members from eight regions Tanzania. The interviewer-administered questionnaire collected data. Multiple logistic regression models determined uptake. median age 3470 respondents was 37 years (interquartile range...
Summary: We conducted this study to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection among women (N = 312) who were working in bars hotels Moshi, a town northern Tanzania. Study subjects interviewed obtain information about examined collect samples diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The was 26.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.4%-31.2%). In multivariate analyses, increased with increasing age (p value, test linear trend <.001) number sexual partners during...
This study investigated the infant feeding advice that counsellors were giving HIV-infected pregnant women in Moshi, Tanzania, factors they thought had an impact on women's choices and their role influencing these decisions. The data are drawn from in-depth interviews with 16 nurses working as spare time antenatal trial of prevention mother-to-child transmission, five local HIV/AIDS two medical doctors, whose counselling experience ranged less than six months to nine years. Informed choice...
Summary Objectives To determine (i) the prevalence and type of female genital cutting (FGC) in a rural multi‐ethnic village Tanzania, (ii) its associated demographic factors, (iii) possible associations with HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) infertility (iv) to assess consistency between self‐reported clinically observed FGC. Method The study was part larger community‐based, cross‐sectional survey an eligible population 1993. All were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐tested asked...
Background The Partners HSV-2/HIV-1 Transmission Study (Partners Study) is a phase III, placebo-controlled trial of daily acyclovir for genital herpes (HSV-2) suppression among HIV-1/HSV-2 co-infected persons to reduce HIV-1 transmission their susceptible partners, which requires recruitment serodiscordant heterosexual couples. We describe the baseline characteristics this cohort. Methods couples, in infected partner was HSV-2 seropositive, had CD4 count ≥250 cells/mcL and not on...
Objective: Male circumcision reduces female-to-male HIV-1 transmission risk by approximately 60%. Data assessing the effect of on male-to-female are conflicting, with one observational study among HIV-1-serodiscordant couples showing reduced but a randomized trial suggesting no short-term benefit circumcision. Design/methods: collected as part prospective African were analyzed for relationship between status HIV-1-seropositive men and acquisition their female partners. Circumcision was...
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem with negative consequences for women and their pregnancies. While social support has protective effect against IPV reduces of violence, its association experiencing during pregnancy remain less explored. In our study we aimed to determine the on among attending antenatal care in Moshi, Tanzania The was part prospective cohort that assessed impact violence reproductive 1,116 participants. Pregnant were enrolled below 24...
Background. A heightened proinflammatory state has been hypothesized to enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission – both susceptibility of HIV-1-exposed persons and infectiousness HIV-1-infected persons. Methods. Using prospective data from heterosexual African couples with HIV-1 serodiscordance, we conducted a nested case-control analysis assess the relationship between cytokine concentrations risk acquisition. Case (n = 120) were initially serodiscordant in which was...
To examine the test performance of careHPV, Hybrid Capture2 (HC2) and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for detection cytologically diagnosed high-grade cervical lesions or cancer (HSIL+). Cross-sectional study. Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Tanzania. Women attending routine screening. We enrolled 4080 women (25-60 years) in The were interviewed on lifestyle habits, tested HIV. A specimen careHPV testing (performed at ORCI KCMC), a...
Abstract It is estimated that 5.6% of the Tanzanian population ages 15–49 are infected with HIV, but only 30% adults have ever had an HIV test. Couples' testing has proven to increase coverage and introduce prevention, barriers include access services unequal gender dynamics in relationships. Innovative approaches needed address couple's uptake testing. Using qualitative data collection methods, a formative study was conducted assess acceptability home-based couples counseling (HBCCT)...
Daily suppressive therapy with valacyclovir reduces risk of sexual transmission herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in HSV-2-serodiscordant heterosexual couples by 48%. Whether HSV-2 from persons coinfected and human immunodeficiency 1 (HIV-1) is unknown.Within a randomized trial daily acyclovir 400 mg twice African HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, which the HIV-1-infected partner was seropositive, we identified partnerships HIV-1-susceptible partners were seronegative to estimate effect on...
Previous studies have shown that knowledge of contraceptives, especially among the youth in universities, remains limited, and rate premarital sexual activity, unwanted pregnancies, illegal abortions higher university students. This study aimed to assess contraceptive knowledge, behavior, factors associated with use female undergraduate students Kilimanjaro region Tanzania.A cross-sectional analytical was conducted from May June 2015 four universities region. A self-administered...