A5021019665- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Sex work and related issues
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Reproductive tract infections research
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Genital Health and Disease
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit
2016-2025
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2016-2025
National Institute for Medical Research
2015-2025
University of Louisville
2024
Leidos (United States)
2023
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
2023
Hull York Medical School
2023
University of York
2023
Institut Català d'Oncologia
2023
Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge
2023
Preexposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs has been effective in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection some trials but not others.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 2120 HIV-negative women Kenya, South Africa, and Tanzania to receive either a combination tenofovir disoproxil fumarate emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) or placebo once daily. The primary objective was assess effectiveness TDF-FTC preventing HIV acquisition evaluate...
Broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV with similar specificities can be found in multiple HIV-infected individuals.
Despite the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in nearly all low-income countries surveyed, effective therapy has been deemed too expensive and considered not to be feasible outside referral centers. We evaluated results community-based for a poor section Lima, Peru.We describe first 75 patients receive ambulatory treatment with individualized regimens chronic northern Lima. conducted retrospective review charts enrolled program between August 1, 1996, February 1999, identified...
Results from observational studies suggest that micronutrient status is a determinant of the progression human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease.
H3Africa is developing capacity for health-related genomics research in Africa
V2/V3 conformational epitope antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 (PG9 and PG16) have been recently described. Since an elicitation of previously known neutralizing has proven elusive, the induction with such specificity is important goal for vaccine development. A critical question which immunogens formulations might be used to trigger drive development memory B cell precursors specificity. In this paper we identified a clonal lineage four (CH01 CH04) from African HIV-1-infected broad...
The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains high among women in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the safety and efficacy extended use a vaginal ring containing dapivirine for prevention HIV 1959 healthy, sexually active women, 18 to 45 years age, from seven communities South Africa Uganda.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned participants 2:1 ratio receive rings either 25 mg or placebo. Participants inserted...
Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a disruption of the normal vaginal flora, has been associated with 60% increased risk HIV-1 acquisition in women and higher concentration RNA genital tract HIV-1–infected women. However, whether BV, which is present up to half African women, an increase transmission male partners not assessed previous studies. Methods Findings We association between BV on female-to-male prospective study 2,236 HIV-1–seropositive their uninfected from seven countries...
BackgroundHistorically, health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa have mainly managed acute, infectious diseases. Few data exist for the preparedness of African to handle growing epidemic chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We assessed burden NCDs northwestern Tanzania and investigated strengths system areas improvement with regard primary care management selected NCDs.MethodsBetween November, 2012, May, 2013, we undertook a cross-sectional survey representative sample 24 public...
BackgroundAn estimated 15% of girls aged 9–14 years worldwide have been vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) with the recommended two-dose or three-dose schedules. A one-dose HPV vaccine schedule would be simpler and cheaper to deliver. We report immunogenicity safety results different doses two vaccines in Tanzanian girls.MethodsIn this open-label, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial, we enrolled healthy schoolgirls from Government schools Mwanza, Tanzania. Eligible...
BackgroundThe first randomised controlled trial of single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine efficacy, the Kenya HPV-vaccine efficacy (KEN SHE) trial, showed greater than 97% against persistent HPV16 and HPV18 infection at 36 months among women in Kenya. We compared antibody responses after one dose HPV Dose Reduction Immunobridging Safety Study (DoRIS), single- regimen girls aged 9–14 years, target age range for vaccination, with those same KEN SHE.MethodsIn DoRIS 930 years Tanzania...
Background: HIV-1 transmission through breastfeeding is a global problem and has been associated with poor maternal micronutrient status. Methods: A total of 1078 HIV-infected pregnant women from Tanzania were randomly assigned to vitamin or multivitamins excluding approximately 20 weeks' gestation throughout lactation. Results: Multivitamins had no effect on the risk (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.82–1.32, P = 0.76). Vitamin increased 1.38, 1.09–1.76, 0.009). non-statistically significant reductions in...
Objectives: To determine the risk factors for HIV seroconversion and assess association between contraceptive use infection among women attending three large family planning clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Between 1992 1995, 2471 HIV-negative were followed prospectively. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavior, other was collected at recruitment updated follow-up visits. At end of study, specimens testing laboratory...
The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, but data available for intervention planning are inadequate. We determined the prevalence selected NCDs and HIV infection, NCD risk factors northwestern Tanzania southern Uganda.A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted, enrolling households using multistage sampling with five strata per country (one municipality, two towns, rural areas). Consenting adults (≥18 years) were interviewed WHO STEPS...
Plasma from a small subset of subjects chronically infected with HIV-1 shows remarkable magnitude and breadth neutralizing activity. From one these individuals (CH0219), we isolated two broadly antibodies (bnAbs), CH01 VRC-CH31, clonal lineages memory B cells distinct specificities (variable loop 1 2 [V1V2] conformational specificity CD4-binding site specificity, respectively) that recapitulate 95% CH0219 serum neutralization breadth. These data provide proof concept for an vaccine aims to...
Background: Several clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), with or without emtricitabine (FTC), as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for reducing risk HIV acquisition. Adherence to study product was insufficient demonstrate FTC/TDF in 2 PrEP conducted among women (FEM-PrEP Vaginal Oral Interventions Control Epidemic study), but further analyses adherence these studies may inform demonstration projects future prevention...
David Ross and colleagues conduct a follow-up survey of the community-based MEMA kwa Vijana ("Good things for young people") trial in rural Tanzania to assess long-term behavioral biological impact an adolescent sexual health intervention.