A5059075291- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology
- Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Maternal and fetal healthcare
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Antenna Design and Analysis
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
- Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods
- Photonic and Optical Devices
Family Health International 360
2016-2025
RELX Group (United States)
2015-2016
RELX Group (United Kingdom)
2015-2016
Durham University
2012-2014
TPL (United States)
2005-2012
North Shore Hospital
2012
Triangle
2001-2011
United States Naval Research Laboratory
1990-2011
Troy Public Library
2008
Radar (United States)
2005-2007
The Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial assessed effectiveness and safety a 1% vaginal gel formulation tenofovir, nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, prevention HIV acquisition women. A double-blind, randomized controlled was conducted comparing tenofovir (n = 445 women) with placebo 444 sexually active, HIV-uninfected 18- to 40-year-old women urban rural KwaZulu-Natal, Africa. serostatus, safety, sexual behavior, condom use were at monthly...
Preexposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs has been effective in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection some trials but not others.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 2120 HIV-negative women Kenya, South Africa, and Tanzania to receive either a combination tenofovir disoproxil fumarate emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) or placebo once daily. The primary objective was assess effectiveness TDF-FTC preventing HIV acquisition evaluate...
BackgroundObservational and laboratory studies suggest that some hormonal contraceptive methods, particularly intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), might increase women's susceptibility to HIV acquisition. We aimed compare DMPA-IM, a copper intrauterine device (IUD), levonorgestrel (LNG) implant among African women seeking effective contraception living in areas of high incidence.MethodsWe did randomised, multicentre, open-label trial across 12 research sites eSwatini,...
Previous studies of intrauterine devices (IUDs), many which are no longer in use, suggested that they might cause tubal infertility. The concern IUDs contain copper — currently the most commonly used type may increase risk infertility nulligravid women has limited use this highly effective method birth control.
Oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) has been evaluated as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We describe the accuracy of self-reported adherence to FTC/TDF and pill counts when compared drug concentrations in FEM-PrEP trial. Using plasma tenofovir (TFV) intracellular diphosphate (TFVdp) among a random sub-sample 150 participants assigned FTC/TDF, we estimated positive predictive value (PPV) four measures. also assessed factors associated with misreporting using multiple...
BackgroundAn affordable pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is needed to ensure sustainable access in low-income and middle-income countries. This trial examined the immunogenicity safety of a novel ten-valent PCV (SIIPL-PCV) containing serotypes 1, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 19A, 19F, 23F compared with polysaccharide protein D-conjugate (PHiD-CV; Synflorix; GlaxoSmithKline; Brentford, UK).MethodsIn this single-centre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority The Gambia, healthy,...
Particulate exposures were assessed among construction workers engaged in hot processes four jobs (boilermakers, ironworkers, pipefitters and welder-fitters) at nine sites the U.S. After being trained by occupational hygienists, obtained shift-long personal samples each site for total particulates (TP). Selected also assayed manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr). Workers provided information about process- task-related covariates that present on days of monitoring. Data investigated...
Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate may select for drug resistance if there is low adherence. Methods: Plasma viral HIV-1 RNA level, CD4+ T-cell counts, and were evaluated among seroconverting women in the FEM-PrEP trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00625404) using standard clinical tests, allele-specific PCR (ASPCR), by deep sequencing. Tenofovir, FTC, their intracellular metabolites measured plasma cells. Results: There...
A Galerkin descretization of the electric field integral equation for perfectly conducting surfaces using Rao-Wilton-Glisson (1982) basis functions requires numerical evaluation integrals with singular kernels over triangular regions. These singularities have been traditionally handled by utilizing a "singularity extraction" procedure to produce regular and an analytic function replace original integral. new approach is presented here in which four-dimensional (4-D) weakly unique solution...
Abstract The convenience of linear mixed models for Gaussian data has led to their widespread use. Unfortunately, standard model tests often have greatly inflated test size in small samples. Many applications with correlated outcomes medical imaging and other fields simple properties which do not require the generality a model. Alternately, stating special cases as general multivariate allows analysing them either univariate or approach repeated measures (UNIREP, MULTIREP). Even samples, an...
Pregnancy among study participants remains a challenge for trials of new HIV prevention agents despite promotion and provision contraception. We evaluated contraceptive use, pregnancy incidence, drug adherence by method women enrolled in the FEM-PrEP trial once-daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) prevention.We required to be using effective non-barrier contraception at enrollment. At each monthly follow-up visit, were counseled on use tested pregnancy. TDF-FTC...
This study sought to assess the feasibility of conducting a phase III HIV prevention trial using multivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Gardasil; Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ).A total 479 sexually active women aged 16-24 years in Western Cape, South Africa, were enrolled Efficacy HPV Vaccine Reduce Infection (EVRI) Trial. Of these, 402 negative, nonpregnant, and randomized 1:1 receive Gardasil or saline placebo vaccine. doses administered at enrollment, month 2, 6, participants...
Summary. Information from detectable exposure measurements randomly sampled a left-truncated log-normal distribution may be used to evaluate the of nondetectable values that fall below an analytic limit detection. If proportion nondetects is larger than expected under log normality, alternative models account for these unobserved data should considered. We discuss one such model incorporates mixture true zero exposures and with possible left censoring, previously considered in different...
SUMMARY Objectives in many longitudinal studies of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include estimation population average trajectories HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) over time and tests for differences trajectory across subgroups. Special features that are often inherent underlying data a tendency some RNA levels to be below an assay detection limit, high initial or ranges change drop out study early because illness death. We develop likelihood observed...
Objective To estimate the prevalence and describe patterns of concurrent human papillomavirus (HPV) STIs associated factors among HIV-negative young Western Cape, South African women participating in Efficacy HPV Vaccine to Reduce HIV Infection (EVRI) trial. Methods aged 16–24 years old were enrolled EVRI trial ( NCT01489527 ) randomised receive licensed four-valent vaccine or placebo. At study entry, participants clinically evaluated for five STIs: herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
A novel type of optical beam scanning device based on the same principle as a phased array radar has been made and demonstrated. This consisted uniformly illuminated ten closely spaced, single mode GaAs/AlGaAs electrooptic waveguides, each which was individually addressed to give more than 2π radians phase control. gave line point sources light 3 μm pitch at output face array. By independently shifting these wavefront controlled scan 2° wide through 20° in far field.
In Brief Background: Vaginal microbicides are topical products being studied for their potential to reduce the risk of penile-vaginal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Because sexual acts that lead infection in effectiveness trials unobserved, identification an effective vaginal product may be unwittingly circumvented if adherence is poor or participants acquire through nonvaginal routes exposure. Purpose: To model impact receptive anal intercourse (RAI) on measured and power...
Though flared-notch radiators are capable of achieving very large bandwidths (10:1 or more) as radiating array elements, they known to suffer from poor polarization purity when scanning in the diagonal plane (D-plane). This paper examines properties dual-polarized arrays flared notches a function frequency and length/width ratio elements. Further, it is demonstrated through combination simulation measurements that degradation can largely be corrected for elements have orthogonal feed ports....
One strategy for meeting the contraceptive needs of HIV‐positive women is to integrate family planning into HIV services. In 2008 in Cross River State, Nigeria, was integrated antiretroviral (ART) services five local government areas. A basic planning/HIV integration model implemented three these areas, and an enhanced other two. We conducted baseline interviews follow‐up 12–14 months later with 274 female ART clients aged 18–45 2009 across Unmet need contraception high at (28–35 percent)....