Incubation of ex vivo cultured mature B cells in the presence nitric oxide or oxide-donor substances delays programmed cell death as determined by appearance DNA laddering agarose gel electrophoresis flow-cytometry analysis DNA. Nitric also rescues from antigen-induced apoptosis but fails to provide a co-stimulatory signal that converts elicited antigen into proliferative response. The protective effects against can be reproduced treatment with permeant analogues cyclic GMP. Regarding...

Activation of the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induces expression gene products involved in host defense, among them type 2 nitric oxide synthase. Treatment cells 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15dPGJ(2)) inhibited LPS- IFN-gamma-dependent synthesis NO, a process that was not antagonized by similar concentrations prostaglandin J(2), E(2), or rosiglitazone, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor ligand....

Nitric oxide (NO) induces apoptosis in thymocytes, peripheral T cells, myeloid cells and neurons. Here we show that NO is highly efficient inducing mitochondrial permeability transition, thereby causing the liberation of apoptogenic factors from mitochondria which can induce nuclear (DNA condensation DNA fragmentation) isolated nuclei vitro. In intact triggers disruption transmembrane potential, followed by hypergeneration reactive oxygen species, exposure phosphatidyl serine on outer plasma...

The induction of hepatic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the biosynthesis (NO) were studied in liver after partial hepatectomy (PH). NOS activity remnant was observed 4 to 6 hours PH, no differences evidenced between proximal distal surgical areas. form expressed independent calcium calmodulin, messenger RNA levels first detected 2 using a probe corresponding cytokine-induced macrophase NOS. seric concentration nitrites remained unchanged hepatectomy, whereas content nitrates S-nitrosylated...

Treatment of elicited peritoneal macrophages or the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with high concentrations nitric oxide donors is followed by apoptotic death. Analysis changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) specific fluorescent probes showed a rapid and persistent increase ΔΨm, that usually decreases cells undergoing apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms. Using confocal microscopy, release cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol was characterized as an early...

Alternative activation of macrophages plays an important role in a range physiological and pathological processes. This alternative phenotype, also known as M2 macrophages, is induced by type 2 cytokines such IL‐4. The binding IL‐4 to its receptor leads two major signaling pathways: STAT‐6 PI3K. However, recent studies have described that p38 MAPK might play IL‐4‐dependent some cells, although still controversial. In this study, we investigated whether the polarization mice. Our results...

Abstract Activation of the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with LPS and IFN-γ induces apoptosis through synthesis high concentrations NO due to expression synthase-2. In addition NO, activated macrophages release other molecules involved in inflammatory response, such as reactive oxygen intermediates PGs. Treatment cyclopentenone PGs, which are synthesized late onset, exerted a negative regulation on activation by impairing genes host defense, among them However, despite attenuation...

The incubation of primary cultures rat hepatocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or biologically active phorbol esters promotes the release nitric oxide to medium. This process is result induction Ca(2+)-and calmodulin-independent form synthase. Both medium and expression synthase activity exhibited a lag period about 45-60 min after cell stimulation. Exposure both stimuli produced an antagonistic effect on release, half-maximal inhibition obtained 14 nM 12,13-dibutyrate at saturating...

The anti-inflammatory action of most terpenes has been explained in terms the inhibition nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. Ent-kaurene diterpenes are intermediates synthesis gibberellins and inhibit expression NO synthase-2 release tumor necrosis factor-alpha J774 macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide. These NF-kappaB IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation vivo but failed to affect vitro function NF-kappaB, phosphorylation targeting IkappaBalpha, activity IKK-2. Transient...

Incubation of peritoneal macrophages with β‐phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate promotes a time‐dependent release NO to the incubation medium. This effect was antagonized by LPS, well known inducer nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in macrophages, and inhibited N G ‐methyl‐ l ‐arginine ω ‐nitro‐ ‐arginine. An increase intracellular cGMP NOS activity observed parallel release. The induction accompanied stimulation arginine influx within cell. These results suggest that activation protein kinase C...

Stimulation of resident peritoneal macrophages with S-[2,3-bis(pamitoyloxy)-(2R,2S)-propyl]-N-palmytoyl-(R)-C ysSerLys4 or S(-)[2,3-bis(pamitoyloxy)-(2R,2S)-propyl]-N-palmytoyl-(R)-++ +CysAlaLys4, two synthetic bacterial lipopeptides, promoted the expression inducible form nitric oxide synthase, exhibiting a temporal pattern release that was delayed respect to induction elicited by lipopolysaccharide. Treatment genistein blocked synthesis triggered lipopeptides Simultaneous incubation...

Abstract. Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) exhibit a high sensitivity to undergo apoptosis in response proinflammatory stimuli and immunosuppressors participate the onset of several renal diseases. This study examined expression inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase after challenge PTEC with bacterial cell wall molecules inflammatory cytokines analyzed pathways that lead these by measuring changes mitochondrial transmembrane potential caspase activation. The data show apoptotic...

In this work, we have studied the effects of pure nitric oxide (NO) on regulation catecholamine (CA) secretion by chromaffin cells, as well possible presence its synthesizing enzyme L-arginine:NO synthase (NOS) in these cells. Our results show that NO produces a large stimulation basal CA secretion. This effect was calcium- and concentration-dependent (EC50 = 64 +/- 8 microM) not due to nonspecific damage tissue NO. also modulates evoked nicotine dose-dependent manner. Although it has...

AimsThe inflammatory response to injurious agents is tightly regulated avoid adverse consequences of inappropriate leucocyte accumulation or failed resolution. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated endothelium recruits leucocytes the inflamed tissue through controlled expression membrane-associated adhesion molecules. LPS responses in macrophages are known be by integrin-linked kinase (ILK); this study, we investigated role ILK regulation LPS-elicited endothelium.

Activation of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and low doses interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) induced apoptotic death through a nitric oxide‐dependent pathway. Treatment cells the immunosuppressors cyclosporin A (CsA) or FK506 inhibited activation‐dependent apoptosis. These drugs decreased up‐regulation p53 Bax characteristic activated macrophages. Moreover, incubation CsA contributed to maintain higher levels Bcl‐2 than in LPS/IFN‐γ treated cells. The inhibition apoptosis exerted by was also...