A5025728472- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Climate variability and models
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Marine and fisheries research
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications
- Economic Growth and Productivity
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Climate change and permafrost
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Space Satellite Systems and Control
- Remote Sensing and Land Use
- Geological Studies and Exploration
Goddard Space Flight Center
1997-2025
Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center
2002-2017
University of Maryland, College Park
1989-2017
Science Systems and Applications (United States)
2017
RTX (United States)
2004
Advances in L-band microwave satellite radiometry the past decade, pioneered by ESA's SMOS and NASA's Aquarius SMAP missions, have demonstrated an unprecedented capability to observe global sea surface salinity (SSS) from space. Measurements these missions are only means probe very-near (top cm), providing a unique monitoring for interfacial exchanges of water between atmosphere upper-ocean, delivering wealth information on various processes ocean, linkages with cycle climate, constraints...
The well‐known fact that tropical sea level can be usefully simulated by linear wind driven models recommends it as a realistic test problem for data assimilation schemes. Here we report on an of monthly the period 1975–1992 from 34 Pacific tide gauges into such model using Kalman filter. We present approach to filter uses reduced state space representation required error covariance matrices. This reduction makes calculation highly feasible. argue more complete will no value in typical...
Abstract The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) has recently released a new version of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Subseasonal to Seasonal prediction (S2S) system, GEOS‐S2S‐2, that represents substantial improvement in performance infrastructure over previous system. system is described here detail, results are presented from forecasts, climate equillibrium simulations, data assimilation experiments. or state atmosphere ocean showed reduction bias relative...
The large-scale circulation departure patterns associated with the interannual variability of (July–June) rainfall in Java are studied on basis ship observations (1911–73) Indian Ocean and surface station records. Circulation mechanisms can, part, be understood as modulations average annual cycle. Abundant years characterized by an anomalously strong Northwest monsoon, drought approximately inverse characteristics. In December–January wet years, high pressure near Southeast Asia along low...
The intensity of the 1997 El Niño and 8°C sudden drop in sea surface temperature (SST) around 0°–130°W during turn into La Niña 1998 were a surprise to scientific community. This succession warm cold events was observed from start finish with comprehensive set remotely sensed situ observations. In this study we employ space‐based observations demonstrate, for first time, their maturity capturing preconditioning, onset, evolution, decay its transition Niña. An accumulation water west...
In this paper, we assess the impact of sea surface salinity (SSS) observations on seasonal variability tropical dynamics as well dynamical El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts using a hybrid coupled model (HCM).The HCM is composed primitive equation ocean with singular value decomposition-based statistical atmospheric model.An Ensemble Reduced Order Kalman Filter (EROKF) used to assimilate constrain Pacific and thermodynamics for initialization HCM.Rather than trying produce best...
Abstract This study demonstrates the impact of gridded in situ and Aquarius sea surface salinity (SSS) on coupled forecasts for August 2011 until February 2014. Assimilation all available subsurface temperature (ASSIM_T z ) is chosen as baseline an optimal interpolation _SSS IS SSS AQ are added separate assimilation experiments. These three then used to initialize Including generally improves NINO3 anomaly validation. For ASSIM_T , correlation improved after 7 months, but root mean square...
Abstract The equatorial Pacific and Atlantic Oceans release significant amount of CO 2 each year. Not much attention has been paid to evaluating the similarities differences between these two basins in terms temporal variability. Here we employ a basin‐scale, fully coupled physical‐biogeochemical model study spatial variations sea surface p air‐sea flux over period 1984–2013 Oceans. reproduces overall carbon fields for both basins, including higher values south equator than north, annual...
Abstract El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has far reaching global climatic impacts and so extending useful ENSO forecasts would have great societal benefit. However, one key variable that yet to be fully exploited within coupled forecast systems is accurate estimation of near‐surface ocean salinity. Satellite sea surface salinity (SSS), combined with temperature, help improve the estimates density changes associated mixing. For first time, we assess impact satellite SSS observations for...
Abstract In this paper, a series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are used to study the design proposed array instrumented moorings in Indian Ocean (IO) outlined by IO panel Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Project. Fields Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon (T/P) Jason sea surface height (SSH) temperature (SST) subsampled simulate dynamic SST data from array. Two different reduced-order versions Kalman filter reconstruct original fields simulated...
El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) properties can be modulated by many factors; most previous studies have focused on physical aspects of the climate system in tropical Pacific. Ocean biology‐induced feedback (OBF) onto physics and bio‐climate coupling been subject much recent interest, revealing striking model dependence even conflicting results. Current satellite data are able to resolve space‐time structure oceanic signals both biology physics, providing an opportunity for quantifying...
Abstract In 2023 the NOAA Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature in Atlantic set new records, peaking above 24. 3°C for full basin 30°S–60°N and 25. North 0–60°N, both first time during satellite era. Proposed mechanisms include anomalous radiative thermodynamic surface fluxes, horizontal transport, changing mixed layer thickness basal entrainment rates. To test these ideas heat budget of ocean was examined a numerical simulation. The results show that SSTs summer were caused by...
Abstract Previous research has shown that assimilating satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) improved initialization of coupled El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts. However, most these assimilation techniques have either removed the freshwater bias by correcting to monthly mean fields subsurface observations or ignored it altogether. In this paper, we explore impact accounting for SSS fresh first estimating, then removing near‐surface gradient from using Rain Impact Model (RIM...
Predictions of the 1997–1998 El Niño exhibited a wide range forecast skill that were dependent, in part, on wind‐driven initial conditions for ocean. In this study results reduced gravity, primitive equation, sigma coordinate ocean general circulation model are compared and contrasted when forced by several different wind products Niño/La Niña. The include atmospheric winds, satellite products, subjective analysis ship situ winds. verified against fields observed sea level anomalies from...
This paper presents a series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) which are intended as design study for proposed array instrumented moorings in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Fields TOPEX/Poseidon sea surface height anomalies subsampled with goal being reconstruction original fields through use reduced‐space Kaiman filter data assimilation at restricted number locations. Our approach differs from typical identical and fraternal twin that real observed (i.e., data) used place...
During the verification phase of TOPEX/POSEIDON radar altimeter mission a rigorous open‐ocean validation experiment was conducted in western equatorial Pacific Ocean. From August–September 1992 to February–March 1993, two Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) moorings at 2°S–156°E (1739 m depth) 2°S–164.4°E (4400 were outfitted with additional temperature, salinity, pressure sensors measure precisely dynamic height from surface bottom 5‐min intervals directly beneath crossovers. Bottom...
A hydrographic dataset based on data from the SEQUAL/FOCAL experiment is used to determine errors of a numerical simulation complete temperature and velocity fields tropical Atlantic during two-year period 1983–84. To improve accuracy analysis we develop an application four-dimensional assimilation. In this thermal model are updated once month using sea surface measurements observed profiles. Much paper describes comparisons between differing analyses assimilation simulation, verification...
Abstract Freshwater flux (FWF) forcing–induced feedback has not been represented adequately in many coupled ocean–atmosphere models of the tropical Pacific. Previously, various approximations have made representing FWF forcing climate modeling. In this article, using a hybrid model (HCM), sensitivity experiments are performed to examine extent which and related effects can contribute biases interannual simulations The total into ocean, by precipitation (P) minus evaporation (E), (P − E), is...
Abstract A contemporary seasonal forecasting system is used to study the impacts of a volcanic sulfate injection into stratosphere on forecasts for surface temperatures, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and precipitation. The focus case June 1991 eruption Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines period from July February 1992. Version 2 Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) in this study. GEOS‐S2S includes GOddard Chemistry, Aerosols, Radiation Transport (GOCART) aerosol...
Abstract Historical understanding of marine biological dynamics has been limited by sparse in situ observations and the fact that dedicated ocean color satellite remote sensing only began 1997. From these observations, it become clear physical oceanography controls variability over seasonal to interannual time scales. To quantify how multidecadal, climate-scale patterns impact productivity, strong correlation with sea surface temperature height is utilized reconstruct a retrospective 51-yr...
Abstract This study demonstrates the positive impact of including gridded Aquarius and Soil Moisture, Active/Passive (SMAP) sea surface salinity (SSS) into initialization intermediate complexity coupled model forecasts for tropical Indo‐Pacific. An experiment that assimilates conventional ocean observations serves as control. In a separate experiment, SMAP satellite SSS are additionally assimilated initialization. Analysis differences with control indicates assimilation causes freshening...
Following the idea that analysis of in situ information salt budget could be used as a surrogate for global “ocean rain gauge,” annual mean oceanic net freshwater flux (E-P) was estimated from Argo profiles and wind stress data on scale. The comparison between independent E-P estimation product sets, including combination precipitation TRMM, GPCP, CMAP evaporation OAFlux, GSSTF3 IFREMER set NEWS formed satellite, generally show similar spatial patterns, particularly large However, there are...