Shifting to active modes of transport in the trip work can achieve substantial co-benefits for health, social equity, and climate change mitigation. Previous integrated modeling scenarios has assumed mode share been unable incorporate acknowledged system feedbacks.We compared effects policies increase bicycle commuting a car-dominated city explored role participatory support planning face complexity.We used dynamics (SDM) compare realistic policies, incorporating feedback effects, nonlinear...

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the impact of construction microdams on incidence malaria in nearby communities terms possibly increasing peak and prolonging transmission. <b>Design:</b> Four quarterly cycles surveys, each taking 30 days, undertaken eight at risk close to dams paired with control villages similar altitudes but beyond flight range mosquitoes. <b>Setting:</b> Tigray region northern Ethiopia 1800 2225 m. <b>Subjects:</b> About 7000 children under 10 years living...

Background Recent work in a number of countries has identified growing geographical inequalities health between deprived and non-deprived neighbourhoods. The gaps observed cannot be entirely explained by differences the characteristics individuals living those neighbourhoods, which led to concerted international public research effort determine what contextual features neighbourhoods matter. This article reports on access potentially health-promoting community resources across all New...

Malaria transmission varies from village to and even family in the same village. The current study was conducted northern Ethiopia identify risk factors responsible for such variations a hypoendemic highland malaria setting: 2114 children aged <10 years living 6 villages situated close small dams at altitudes 1775 2175 m were monitored. Monthly incidence determined 4 times over 1-year period during 1997. Incidence results then analysed by 14 individual household using Poisson multivariate...

<h3>Background:</h3> It is often suggested that neighbourhood access to food retailers affects the dietary patterns of local residents, but this hypothesis has not been adequately researched. We examine association between accessibility supermarkets and convenience stores individuals' consumption fruit vegetables in New Zealand. <h3>Methods:</h3> Using geographical information systems, travel times from population-weighted centroid each closest supermarket store were calculated for 38 350...

Evidence of associations between neighborhood built environments and transport-related physical activity (PA) is accumulating, but few studies have investigated with leisure-time PA.We five objectively measured characteristics the environment-destination access, street connectivity, dwelling density, land-use mix streetscape quality-with residents' self-reported PA (transport, leisure, walking) accelerometer-derived measures PA.Using a multicity stratified cluster sampling design, we...

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the associations between active travel to school neighbourhood built environment in children youth by systematically identifying collating data from New Zealand studies. Data five studies involving 2844 aged 6–19 years were included meta-analysis. on participant demographics characteristics obtained each study, features within 400 m 1 km buffers around home calculated a consistent manner using geographic information systems. A one-step...

Children's independent mobility and physical activity levels are declining in Western countries. In the past 20 years New Zealand children's active travel (walking cycling) has dropped on average from 130 to 72 minutes per week, those travelling by car school have increased 31% 58%. This paper describes parents' understandings of why 9–11-year-old primary children suburban Auckland less likely walk play unsupervised outdoors than they were as children. Data gathered focus groups show range...

Cities are largely designed for adults and cars, not children. Auckland City's new ‘children first’ approach signals a shift in policy focus to consider the needs of The authors' ‘Kids City’ research is helping inform this by providing policy-relevant information about children's use experiences nine neighbourhoods, suburban inner-city, using trip diaries, child-led walk-along interviews discussion groups. children were neighbourhood key informants co-producers knowledge who reported on...

The sharp increase in obesity recent years has prompted researchers to examine the various pathways through which urban built environments influence population-level physical activity. Walking access everyday destinations is one such pathway. This paper describes a measure of pedestrian neighbourhood destinations. Using eight domains (education, transport, recreation, social and cultural, food retail, financial, health, other retail) we developed GIS-based ‘Neighbourhood Destination...

This study's aim was to examine selected objectively-measured and child specific built environment attributes in relation proportion of out-of-school time spent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) active travel a group ethnically socio-economically diverse children (n=236) living Auckland, New Zealand. Street connectivity distance school were related the trips made by modes. Ratio high speed low roads improved streetscape for %MVPA on weekdays only. Inconsistent results found...

Active school travel (AST) is influenced by multiple factors including built and social environments, households individual variables. A holistic theory such as Mitra's Behavioural Model of School Transportation (BMST) vital to comprehensively understand these complex interrelationships. This study aimed assess direct indirect associations between children's AST environmental, household child based on the BMST using structural equation modelling (SEM). Data were drawn from Neighbourhoods for...

Active travel (walking and cycling) is beneficial for people’s health has many co-benefits, such as reducing motor vehicle congestion pollution in urban areas. There have been few robust evaluations of active travel, very studies valued emissions outcomes. The ACTIVE before-and-after quasi-experimental study estimated the net benefits other outcomes from New Zealand’s Model Communities Programme using an empirical analysis comparing two intervention cities with control cities. funded...

This paper describes the development of an area-based index locational access to community services, facilities and amenities. The enables comparisons be made across urban neighbourhoods provides a starting-point from which identify relationships between opportunity structures in local environment residents' health well-being. is based on six domains: recreational amenities, public transport communication, shopping banking facilities, educational social cultural services. inclusion specific...

The development of irrigation schemes by dam construction has led to an increased risk malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia. We carried out a pilot study near microdam assess whether environmental management could reduce transmission Anopheles arabiensis, the main vector took place Deba village, close dam; Maisheru situated 3-4 km away from dam, acted as control. Baseline entomological and clinical data were collected both villages during first 12 months. Source reduction, involving filling, draining...

Objective. To explore whether travel time access to the nearest general practitioner (GP) surgery (which is equivalent U.S. primary care physician [PCP] office) and pharmacy predicts individual‐level health service utilization satisfaction. Data Sources. GP addresses were obtained from New Zealand Ministry of Health in 2003 merged with a geographic boundaries data set. Travel times derived these appended 2002/03 Survey ( N =12,529). Study Design. Multilevel logistic regression was used model...