Chemokines play critical roles in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy animals. Cysteine-X-cysteine motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, CXCL11 are involved recruiting immune cells by binding to their shared receptor, CXC receptor 3 (CXCR3), a variety tissues. This study examined expression regulation chemokines CXCL9, CXCL11, CXCR3, role at maternal–conceptus interface pigs. The endometrium expressed CXCR3 stage specifically during pregnancy, with greatest abundance on Day 15...

Female fertility is a highly regulated process involving the synchronized activities of multiple tissues. The underlying genomic regulation tissue synchronization poorly understood. To understand this better we investigated transcriptomes porcine ovary, endometrium, and oviduct at days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 oestrous cycle. We analysed transcriptome profiles individual tissues focus on bridging genes shared by two more three tissue-networks were connected forming triangular shape....

Prostaglandins (PGs) are important lipid mediators regulating various reproductive processes in many species. In pigs, the expression pattern of PGE2 and PGF2α metabolic enzymes regulatory mechanism controlling levels uterus during pregnancy not completely understood. This study determined endometrial genes (PLA2G4A, PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGES, PTGES2, PTGES3, AKR1B1, CBR1, HPGD) involved metabolism estrous cycle measured uterine tissues flushings at time conceptus implantation pigs. Except studied...

Prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in many reproductive activities including luteolysis, maternal recognition of pregnancy, endometrial gene expression, conceptus development, and parturition domestic animals. However, mechanisms by which PGE2 PGF2alpha modulated the uterine endometrium expression ABCC4 SLCO2A1, responsible for efficient transport PGs across cell membrane, during estrous cycle pregnancy not fully understood pigs. Therefore, we determined genes SLCO2A1 mRNAs were expressed...

Cysteine-X-cysteine (CXC) motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor, CXC receptor type 4 (CXCR4), are involved in regulating the proliferation, migration, survival of trophoblast cells maternal immune response humans mice. The present study examined expression, regulation, function CXCL12 CXCR4 at maternal–conceptus interface during pregnancy pigs. endometrium expressed mRNAs with greatest abundance on Day 15 pregnancy. protein was localized mainly endometrial epithelial cells,...

To successfully establish and maintain pregnancy in pigs, a variety of factors must work together at the maternal–conceptus interface to form an immune environment appropriate for both mother conceptus. Our transcriptomics study has shown that cluster differentiation ligand 40 (CD40L) its receptor CD40, which are known play important roles regulating cell- antibody-mediated immunity, expressed endometrium during early pregnancy. However, CD40L CD40 signaling system not well understood....

The purinergic system is composed of purine nucleotides, enzymes, transporters, and receptors involved in a variety physiological processes the body, including development, metabolism, immunity, tumorigenesis, reproduction. importance for embryo implantation endometrium pathophysiological conditions has been shown some species. However, expression, regulation, function molecules at maternal-conceptus interface pigs not fully understood. Therefore, we determined expression during estrous...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, and AMPK contributes to cell growth, apoptosis, autophagy. Although most studies have been performed using two-dimensional (2D) culture, recent demonstrated that the three-dimensional (3D) spheroid technique helpful in various research fields, such as tumor biology, due its resemblance 3D tissue structure. However, role formation has not characterized clearly. This study used knockout line examine...

Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone with many varied functions including regulation of blood calcium levels, cell proliferation, immunity, and reproduction in mammals. activated by 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1) 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) degraded 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1). transported vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific component, GC) through the bloodstream regulates cellular actions binding to receptor (VDR). In this study, we determined expression D-related molecules role at...

Abstract Calcium plays an essential role in regulating many cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In spite of its importance the establishment maintenance pregnancy, changes calcium levels at maternal–conceptus interface during pregnancy action on endometrial gene expression are not well understood. Thus, we examined endometrium deposition genes related to conceptus implantation early pigs. The amounts increased mid‐ late was mainly localized chorionic...

The uterine endometrium plays a critical role in regulating the estrous cycle and establishment maintenance of pregnancy mammalian species. Many studies have investigated expression function genes endometrium, but global pattern relationships among differentially expressed during gestation pigs remain unclear. Thus, this study gene profiles using microarray pigs. Diverse transcriptome analyses including clustering, network, (DEG) were performed to detect endometrial changes different stages....

Objective Prostaglandins (PGs) function in various reproductive processes, including luteolysis, maternal pregnancy recognition, conceptus development, and parturition. Our earlier study has shown that PG transporters ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C, member 4 (ABCC4) solute carrier organic anion transporter family, 2A1 (SLCO2A1) are expressed the uterine endometrium pigs. Since several other such as ABCC1, ABCC9, SLCO4C1, SLCO5A1 known to be present endometrium, this investigated...

Objective Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) binds to a heterodimeric receptor composed of LIF (LIFR) and glycoprotein 130 (GP130) transmit signals into the cell. plays an important role in reproduction by regulating immune response, decidualization, implantation several species. However, expression LIFR endometrium throughout estrous cycle pregnancy pigs is not fully understood. Methods We analyzed on days 0 (estrus), 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 cycle, 30, 60, 90, 114 pregnancy, conceptuses 12...

Cathepsins (CTSs), a family of lysosomal cysteine proteases, and their inhibitors, cystatins (CSTs), play critical role in endometrial placental tissue remodeling during the establishment maintenance pregnancy many species including rodents, sheep, cow, pigs. In this study, we determined expression legumain (LGMN), cathepsinmember, its inhibitor, CST6, at maternal-fetal interface Expression both LGMN CST6 mRNAs increased mid- to late uterine endometrium. localized luminal epithelial cells...

Many chemokines are present at the maternal-fetal interface and play important roles in establishment maintenance of pregnancy. Our study demonstrates that a chemokine, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28), is expressed uterine endometrium during early pregnancy pigs. Thus, we investigated expression CCL28 its receptors, receptor types 3 (CCR3) 10 (CCR10), estrous cycle function Levels mRNAs were highest on Day decreased thereafter pregnancy, was localized mainly to endometrial glandular...

Cameron and Storvick discovered change of scale formulas for Wiener integrals bounded functions in a Banach algebra S on classical space.Yoo Skoug extended these results to abstract space more generalized Fresnel class F A 1 ,A 2 than the (B) which corresponds space.In this paper we present formula need not be or continuous.

Huffman, Park and Skoug introduced a generalized Fourier–Feynman transform (GFFT) convolution product (GCP) they obtained the relationships between GFFT GCP for functionals in Banach algebra 𝒮 by Cameron Storvick. In this paper, we investigate various among GFFT, first variation 𝒮.

It has long been known that pig conceptuses produce interferon-γ (IFNG) at the time of implantation, but role IFNG and its mechanism action maternal-conceptus interface are not fully understood. Accordingly, we analyzed expression regulation receptors IFNGR1 IFNGR2 in endometrium during estrous cycle pregnancy pigs. Levels messenger RNA (mRNA) changed endometrium, with highest levels mid for on Day 12 IFNGR2. The mRNAs was also detected early chorioallantoic tissues to late pregnancy. were...

Abstract The maternal immune system tolerates semi-allogeneic placental tissues during pregnancy. Fas ligand (FASLG) and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 10 (TNFSF10) are known to be components of tolerance in humans mice. However, the role FASLG TNFSF10 process has not been studied pigs, which form a true epitheliochorial type placenta. Thus, present study examined expression function their receptors at maternal-conceptus interface pigs. endometrium conceptus expressed receptor mRNAs...