A5002149089- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Face Recognition and Perception
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Memory Processes and Influences
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Mind wandering and attention
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
- Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
University of Southampton
2010-2019
Lubbock Christian University
2019
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
2019
University of Oxford
1989-2015
Monash University
2014
University of Cambridge
1994-2014
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust
2014
Cambridge Cognition (United Kingdom)
2014
Neuroscience Institute
2014
Wellcome Trust
2004-2014
<h3>Context</h3> Vigilance for threat is a key feature of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The amygdala and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex constitute neural circuit that responsible detection threats. Disturbed interactions between these structures may underlie pediatric anxiety. To date, no study has selectively examined responses to briefly presented threats in GAD or <h3>Objective</h3> investigate activation during processing GAD. <h3>Design</h3> Case-control study....
This study investigated the time course of attentional responses to emotional facial expressions in a clinical sample with social phobia. With visual probe task, photographs angry, happy, and neutral faces were presented at 2 exposure durations: 500 1250 ms. At ms, phobia group showed enhanced vigilance for angry faces, relative happy comparison normal controls. In 1250-ms condition, there no significant biases group. Results are consistent bias initial orienting threat cues anxiety....
Attentional biases were assessed with a probe detection task in anxious (N = 17), depressed 17) and normal control 15) subjects. Word pairs presented visually, dot following one word of each pair. Allocation attention to the spatial position words was determined from response latencies probes. Half supraliminally, half subliminally. The groups showed an attentional bias towards supraliminal negative words, comparison controls. group unexpectedly greater vigilance for anxiety‐relevant than...
Abstract The study tested the vigilance‐avoidance hypothesis, which proposes that anxiety‐related attentional biases vary over time (i.e., initial vigilance for high threat cues, followed by avoidance). To investigate this, pictorial stimuli, included scenes of injury, violence, and death, were presented in a visual probe task two exposure durations: 500 ms 1500 ms. Results showed that, comparison with low trait anxious participants, individuals more vigilant at shorter duration (500 ms), no...
Abstract The study investigated the time course of attentional biases for emotional facial expressions in high and low trait anxious individuals. Threat, happy, neutral face stimuli were presented at two exposure durations, 500 1250msec, a forced-choice reaction (RT) version dot probe task. There was clear evidence an bias favouring threatening expressions, but not faces general, anxiety. Increased dysphoria associated with tendency to avoid happy faces. No found avoidance following initial...
Abstract Three studies investigated whether individuals preferentially allocate attention to the spatial location of threatening faces presented outside awareness. Pairs face stimuli were briefly displayed and masked in a modified version dot-probe task. Each pair consisted an emotional (threat or happy) neutral face. The hypothesis that preattentive processing threat results being oriented towards its was supported Experiments 1 3. In both studies, this effect most apparent left visual...
Objectives. Recent cognitive theories propose that attentional biases cause or maintain anxiety disorders. This study had several aims: (i) to investigate such in generalized disorder (GAD) using naturalistic, ecologically valid stimuli, namely, emotional facial expressions; (ii) test the emotionality hypothesis by examining for happy as well threat faces; and (iii) assess time course of bias. Design. The dependent variable was an index bias derived from manual RTs probe stimuli. There were...
ABSTRACT Aims To investigate biases in overt orienting of attention to smoking‐related cues cigarette smokers, and examine the relationship between measures visual affective motivational valence smoking cues. Design Smokers non‐smokers took part a single session which their attentional evaluative responses matched control pictures were recorded. Participants Twenty smokers 25 non‐smokers. Measurements Direction duration gaze was measured while participants completed probe task. Subjective...
Objective: While adolescent anxiety disorders represent prevalent, debilitating conditions, few studies have explored their brain physiology. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a behavioral measure of attention to angry faces, the authors evaluated differences in response between healthy adolescents with generalized disorder. Method: In primary trials interest, 18 disorder 15 comparison subjects equivalent age/gender/IQ viewed angry/neutral face pairs during...
The study investigated selective processing of emotional information in anxiety and depression using a modified Stroop color naming task. Anxious (n = 19), depressed 18), normal control 18) subjects were required to name the background colors anxiety-related, depression-related, positive, categorized, uncategorized neutral words. Half words presented supraliminally, half subliminally. subjects, compared with showed relatively slower for both supraliminal subliminal negative results suggest...
The study investigated biases in selective attention to emotional face stimuli generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depressive disorder, using a modified probe detection task. There were 4 types: threatening, sad, happy, neutral. Measures of attentional bias included (a) the direction latency initial eye movement response faces (b) manual reaction time (RT) probes replacing 1,000 ms after their onset. Results showed that individuals with GAD (without disorder) more likely look first toward...
Attentional biases for emotional faces were investigated in high, medium, and low anxiety groups (N = 54) using a probe detection task. Four types of facial expression (threat, sad, happy, neutral) used to examine the specificity bias. bias measures derived from manual reaction times (RTs) probes direction initial eye movement (EM) faces. The RT data indicated enhanced vigilance threat rather than neutral high but not low, state anxiety. negative appeared be combined function stimulus value...
Previous research in adults implicates attention bias posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To study children, the authors used picture-based versions of visual-probe task previously with adults. They tested hypothesis that to threatening facial photographs is associated maltreatment and PTSD.A manipulated threat levels was test 34 children who had been maltreated 21 not maltreated. The involved showing actors faces depicting neutral, angry/threatening, or happy expressions for 500 msec...
<h3>Objective</h3> A significant proportion (15–30%) of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) are at risk developing postconcussional syndrome (PCS). The aim this study was to investigate the contributions cognitive, emotional, behavioural and social factors development PCS identify early predictors. <h3>Methods</h3> prospective cohort design employed. 126 MTBI completed baseline questionnaire assessments within 2 weeks 107 follow-up 3 6 months. series self-report measures were...
<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> Studies evaluating titration of antihypertensive medication using self-monitoring give contradictory findings and the precise place telemonitoring over alone is unclear. The TASMINH4 trial aimed to assess efficacy self-monitored blood pressure, with or without telemonitoring, for in primary care, compared usual care. <h3>Methods</h3> This study was a parallel randomised controlled done 142 general practices UK, included hypertensive patients older than 35...
In 2 experiments, the authors tested predictions from cognitive models of social anxiety regarding attentional biases for and nonsocial cues by monitoring eye movements to pictures faces objects in high (HSA) low (LSA) individuals. Under no-stress conditions (Experiment 1), HSA individuals initially directed their gaze toward neutral faces, relative objects, more often than did LSA participants. However, under social-evaluative stress 2), showed reduced initial orienting maintenance on (cf....
Objective:The aim of the current study was to investigate attention biases for food cues, craving, and overeating in overweight healthy-weight participants.Specifically, it tested whether allocation processes toward high-fat foods differ between normal weight individuals selective cues are related craving intake.Method: Eye movements were recorded as a direct index sample 22 overweight/obese 29 female students during visual probe task with pictures.In addition, self-reported actual intake...