A5072388782- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Paleopathology and ancient diseases
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Gut microbiota and health
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact
- Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
- Building materials and conservation
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Osteomyelitis and Bone Disorders Research
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
Eurac Research
2015-2024
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2024
University of Vienna
2005-2013
Nitrospira are barely studied and mostly uncultured nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, which are, according to molecular data, among the most diverse widespread nitrifiers in natural ecosystems biological wastewater treatment. Here, environmental genomics was used reconstruct complete genome of “ Candidatus defluvii” from an activated sludge enrichment culture. On basis this first-deciphered experimental we show that Ca . N. defluvii differs dramatically other known nitrite oxidizers key enzyme...
probeBase is a curated database of annotated rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and supporting information. Rapid access to probe, microarray reference data achieved by powerful search tools via different lists that are based on selected categories such as functional or taxonomic properties the target organism(s) hybridization format (fluorescence in situ microarray) which were applied. Additional information probe coverage specificity available through direct submissions sequences from...
The Tyrolean Iceman, a 5,300-year-old Copper age individual, was discovered in 1991 on the Tisenjoch Pass Italian part of Ötztal Alps. Here we report complete genome sequence Iceman and show 100% concordance between previously reported mitochondrial consensus generated from our genomic data. We present indications for recent common ancestry present-day inhabitants Tyrrhenian Sea, that probably had brown eyes, belonged to blood group O lactose intolerant. His genetic predisposition shows an...
Prevotella copri is a common human gut microbe that has been both positively and negatively associated with host health. In cross-continent meta-analysis exploiting >6,500 metagenomes, we obtained >1,000 genomes explored the genetic population structure of P. copri. encompasses four distinct clades (>10% inter-clade divergence) propose constitute complex, all were confirmed by isolate sequencing. These are nearly ubiquitous co-present in non-Westernized populations. Genomic analysis showed...
Nitrospira are the most widespread and diverse known nitrite-oxidizing bacteria key nitrifiers in natural engineered ecosystems. Nevertheless, their ecophysiology environmental distribution understudied because of recalcitrance to cultivation lack a molecular functional marker, which would allow detection environment. Here we introduce nxrB, gene encoding subunit beta nitrite oxidoreductase, as phylogenetic marker for Nitrospira. Phylogenetic trees based on nxrB were largely congruent 16S...
The stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent human pathogens. It has dispersed globally with its host, resulting in a distinct phylogeographic pattern that can be used to reconstruct both recent and ancient migrations. extant European population H. known hybrid between Asian African bacteria, but there exist different hypotheses about when where hybridization took place, reflecting complex demographic history Europeans. Here, we present 5300-year-old genome from...
Abstract Loss of gut microbial diversity 1–6 in industrial populations is associated with chronic diseases 7 , underscoring the importance studying our ancestral microbiome. However, relatively little known about composition pre-industrial microbiomes. Here we performed a large-scale de novo assembly genomes from palaeofaeces. From eight authenticated human palaeofaeces samples (1,000–2,000 years old) well-preserved DNA southwestern USA and Mexico, reconstructed 498 medium- high-quality...
Summary Chemolithoautotrophic nitrite oxidizers of the genus Nitrospira are a monophyletic but diverse group organisms, widely distributed in many natural habitats, and play key role nitrogen elimination during biological wastewater treatment. Phylogenetic analyses cloned 16S rRNA genes fluorescence situ hybridization with newly developed rRNA‐targeted oligonucleotide probes revealed coexistence uncultured members sublineages I II biofilm activated sludge samples taken from nitrifying...
Abstract Modern next generation sequencing technologies produce vast amounts of data in the context large-scale metagenomic studies, which complex microbial communities can be reconstructed to an unprecedented level detail. Most prominent examples are human microbiome studies that correlate bacterial taxonomic profile with specific physiological conditions or diseases. In order perform these analyses high-throughput computational tools needed able process within a short time while preserving...
Abstract The attire of the Tyrolean Iceman, a 5,300-year-old natural mummy from Ötzal Italian Alps, provides surviving example ancient manufacturing technologies. Research into his garments has however, been limited by ambiguity surrounding their source species. Here we present targeted enrichment and sequencing full mitochondrial genomes sampled clothes quiver, which elucidates species production for nine fragments. Results indicate that majority samples originate domestic ungulate (cattle,...
Eubacterium rectale is one of the most prevalent human gut bacteria, but its diversity and population genetics are not well understood because large-scale whole-genome investigations this microbe have been carried out.
Genome sequencing of the 5,300-year-old mummy Tyrolean Iceman, found in 1991 on a glacier near border Italy and Austria, has yielded new insights into his origin relationship to modern European populations. A key finding that study was an apparent recent common ancestry with individuals from Sardinia, based largely Y chromosome haplogroup autosomal SNP variation. Here, we compiled analyzed genomic datasets both ancient Europeans, including genome sequence data over 400 Sardinians two...
Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians were migration-period nomadic tribal confederations that arrived in three successive waves the Carpathian Basin between 5th 9th centuries. Based on historical data, each of these groups are thought to have from Asia, although their exact origin relation other ancient modern populations been debated. Recently, hundreds genomes analyzed Central Mongolia, China, which we aimed identify putative source for above-mentioned groups. In this study, sequenced 9...
Previously uncultured nitrite-oxidizing bacteria affiliated to the genus Nitrospira have for first time been successfully enriched from activated sludge a municipal wastewater treatment plant. During enrichment procedure, abundance of Nitrospira-like increased approximately 86% total bacterial population. This high degree purification was achieved by novel protocol, which exploits physiological features and includes selective repression coexisting Nitrobacter cells heterotrophic contaminants...
Geothermal environments are a suitable habitat for nitrifying microorganisms. Conventional and molecular techniques indicated that chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria affiliated with the genus Nitrospira widespread in elevated temperatures up to 55 °C Asia, Europe, Australia. However, until now, no thermophilic pure cultures of were available, physiology these was mostly uncharacterized. Here, we report on isolation characterization novel strain from microbial mat terrestrial...
Summary Nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria of the genus Nitrospira are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems and also wastewater treatment plants. members a distinct phylum, not closely related to other nitrifiers, no genomic sequences from this have been available so far. Here we applied an environmental genomics approach sequence assemble 137 kbp‐long genome fragment ‘ Candidatus defluvii’, which had enriched activated sludge belongs sublineage I without isolated representatives. The annotation contig,...
Currently, one of the biggest challenges in microbial and ecosystem ecology is to develop conceptual models that organize growing body information on environmental microbiology into a clear mechanistic framework with direct link processes. Doing so will enable development testable hypotheses better future research increase understanding key constraints biogeochemical networks. Although phenotypic genotypic diversity microorganisms environment rapidly accumulating, how controls physiology...
The Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo contain over 1800 preserved bodies dating from the 16th to 20th centuries AD and showing evidence biodeterioration. An extensive microbiological molecular investigation was recently performed. Samples were taken skin, muscle, hair, bone, stuffing materials, clothes, surrounding walls as well indoor air. In this study, we witnessed that different degradation phenomena observed on variety materials located at are biological in origin. Molecular techniques...
A new isolate of a lithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium was obtained from internal corrosion deposits steel pipeline the Moscow heating system. The organism oxidized nitrite as sole energy source and fixed carbon dioxide only source. cells were extremely pleomorphic: loosely wound spirals, slightly curved even straight rods detected, well coccoid cells. highest rate consumption (1.5 mM substrate) measured at 42 °C, with temperature range 28–44 °C. In enrichment cultures Nocardioides...
Abstract As an infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes death worldwide. Paleopathological and paleomicrobiological studies indicate a long standing association causative agent Mycobacterium its human host. Since occurrence epidemic spread this pathogen seem to be closely linked social biological factors, it particular interest understand better role TB during periods nutritional change such as Neolithic. In study, 118 individuals from three sites in Saxony‐Anhalt...
The Tyrolean Iceman is known as one of the oldest human glacier mummies, directly dated to 3350–3120 calibrated BCE. A previously published low-coverage genome provided novel insights into European prehistory, despite high present-day DNA contamination. Here, we generate a high-coverage with low contamination (15.3×) gain further genetic history and phenotype this individual. Contrary previous studies, found no detectable Steppe-related ancestry in Iceman. Instead, he retained highest...
Chlorite dismutase (Cld) is a unique heme enzyme catalyzing the conversion of ClO(2)(-) to Cl(-) and O(2). Cld usually found in perchlorate- or chlorate-reducing bacteria but was also recently identified nitrite-oxidizing bacterium genus Nitrospira. Here we characterized novel Cld-like protein from chemolithoautotrophic nitrite oxidizer Nitrobacter winogradskyi which significantly smaller than all previously known chlorite dismutases. Its three-dimensional (3D) crystal structure revealed...