Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of morbid­ity and mortality in dairy calves. Alternative treatment strate­gies are needed to reduce antimicrobial use. Innate immune stimulation using toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists has emerged as strategy BRD incidence, but the prophylactic ef­fects this have not been evaluated pre-weaned Calves that develop enteric may be at higher risk for BRD; however, evidence direct links between processes limited. Salmonella an important pathogen...

Abstract In mammals, microbial colonization of the digestive tract (GIT) occurs right after birth by several bacterial phyla. Numerous human and mouse studies have reported importance early gut inhabitants on host health. However, few attempts been undertaken to directly interrogate role gut/rumen GIT development or health in neonatal ruminants through artificial manipulation rumen microbiome. Thus, molecular changes associated with are largely unknown cattle. this study, we dosed young...

The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify associations between the diversity and composition nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota pneumonia status, as diagnosed by ultrasonography (US), in preweaned dairy calves. Characteristics NP were compared calves with without pneumonia, US. Secondary objectives compare age, clinical respiratory score (CRS), previous antibiotic therapy. Holstein heifer (n = 50) from a southern Wisconsin enrolled at either 3 or 6 wk age; 4 sampled...

Abstract: The goal of this study was to determine whether peripheral oxygen delivery and efficacy alveolar-arterial (A-a O 2 ) transfer, as estimated from the A-a pressure gradient, are compromised in Holstein calves at moderate altitude. primary objective evaluate age-related changes arterial blood-gas variables, L-lactate, hematocrit healthy calves. secondary if coughing nasal discharge, commonly used indicators respiratory disease, associated with gradient. Arterial tensions were...

An 11-d-old Holstein bull calf was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at University of Wisconsin–Madison because a 4-d history diarrhea and persistent low-grade fever. Initial diagnosis enteritis caused by Cryptosporidium rotavirus. During hospitalization, became stuporous only responsive noxious stimuli, with hypotonia all 4 limbs, tail, head, neck. A cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed xanthochromia, marked lymphocytic pleocytosis, which suggestive viral meningitis...

Periodic lack of availability and high cost commercially produced isotonic fluids for intravenous (IV) use in horses have increasingly led to home-made or compound by veterinarians. Data regarding the quality control safety compounded would be benefit equine veterinarians.To compare electrolyte concentrations, sterility, endotoxin contamination available 2 forms crystalloid intended IV horses.Prospective study. Two methods preparing crystalloids formulated replicate commercial Plasma-Lyte A...

Development of a properly functioning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) at an early age is critical for the wellbeing and lifetime productivity dairy cattle. The role microbial colonization on GIT development in neonatal cattle associated molecular changes remain largely unknown, particularly small intestine. In this study, we performed artificial dosing exogenous rumen fluid during life calf, starting birth through weaning transition 8 wk. Six calves were included study. At wk age, tissue from...

Nonambulatory cattle present therapeutic challenges in addition to animal welfare concerns. Flotation therapy is a treatment option, but more information regarding prognostic indicators for survival needed guide use of this modality.Evaluate historical and clinical variables assessed during hospitalization as recumbent undergoing flotation referral hospital.A total 190 nonambulatory dairy cattle.Retrospective case series. Medical records were analyzed from between 2000 2020. Univariable...

Salmonella enterica serotype Cerro (S. Cerro) is an emerging isolated from cattle, but the association of S. with disease not well understood. While comparative genomic analyses bovine isolates have indicated mutations in elements associated virulence, correlation fecal shedding clinical cattle varies between epidemiologic studies. The primary objective this study was to characterize infection-relevant phenotypes obtained neonatal calves born on a dairy farm Wisconsin, USA. varied biofilm...

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serotype Cerro ( S . Cerro) is an emerging isolated from cattle, but the association of with disease not well understood. While comparative genomic analyses bovine isolates have indicated mutations in elements associated virulence, correlation fecal shedding clinical cattle varies between epidemiologic studies. The primary objective this study was to characterize infection-relevant phenotypes obtained neonatal calves born on a dairy farm Wisconsin, USA. varied...

Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves causes villous atrophy, resulting reduced surface area and absorptive capacity of the small intestine. Prevention treatment C. infections are hindered by a lack approved, efficacious products inadequate colostral immunity. An integral component is dampening cell-mediated response inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines. In calves, ileal intraepithelial lymphocytes express interleukin-10 (Il-10) when infected with parvum. Interleukin-10 decreases...

Diarrhea in preweaned dairy calves is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Optimizing health this crucial period without antibiotics primary interest. Celmanax™ SCP (CSCP) contains derivatives Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall blended with fermentation products. Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) are yeast components binding sites for Gram negative bacteria that lead to pathogen removal. MOS β-glucans may produce immunomodulatory effects . Dosing S. has been shown prevent clinical...

Cryptosporidium parvum infection is a nearly ubiquitous in dairy herds for which there are no approved treatments or vaccines available the US. Therefore, oral administration of immunoglobulins to control enteric disease calves significant interest. Antibodies survive gastrointestinal transit, accessible intestinal lumen, and remain locally active without risk violative residues. Our research team previously demonstrated that fed anti-11-10 IgY milk had higher fecal pH, reduced respiratory...

Preweaning is a high-risk time period for dairy calves; pneumonia predominant cause of mortality and use antibiotics on farms. Given the concern antibiotic resistance, there demand to investigate alternative therapies. Administering probiotics alter respiratory microbiome reduce risk has shown promising results in mice. Although bacterial community dynamics upper airway have been investigated calves, they not evaluated calves diagnosed with using lung ultrasound (US). By allowing...