We compare selected European countries using an economic dependency ratio which emphasizes the role of age-specific levels production and consumption. Our analysis reveals large differences in age- gender-specific level type activities across identifies possible strategies to adjust behaviour ageing population. The cross-country children elderly persons are largely determined by age at people enter, respectively exit, labour market. ability working population support turn is strongly...

This article builds on time use data to explore cross-country differences between Austria, Italy and Slovenia in unpaid labour its implications terms of gender distribution total work. A contribution this paper is measure the 'rush hour life' (RHOL) based age spans which individuals' working (including paid work) exceeds their free time. In total, men women work similar hours whereas show a gap with an average approximately 50 min more per day during prime ages. The different compositions...

Abstract Understanding child-related costs is crucial given their impact on fertility and labour supply decisions. We explore the subjective cost of young children in Europe by analysing effect child births parents’ self-reported ability to make ends meet, link it changes objective economic well-being such as income, benefits, employment. The study based EU-SILC longitudinal data for 30 European countries from 2004 2019, enabling comparisons between country groups different welfare regimes....

This study analyses age-specific differences in income trends nine European countries. Based on data from National Accounts and the Union Statistics Income Living Conditions, we quantify changes between 2008 2017 decompose these into employment, wages, public transfer components. Results show that of younger age groups stagnated or declined most countries since 2008, while older population increased. The decomposition analysis indicates main drivers diverging are higher employment among a...

Governments face a potential trade-off between provision for the population in retirement and support of working-age households with low income. Using EUROMOD-based microdata from 28 countries, we quantify public redistribution to pensioner- households, distinguishing also by income quartiles. In general, Northern European countries are characterized net limited pensions, but strong low-income households. By contrast, most Southern high pensioners, offering generous benefits some, little...

Transfers of services that are produced through unpaid care work (such as cooking, cleaning, shopping, household maintenance, and direct care) sustain our societies. Yet they differ considerably between genders across countries. This visualization highlights the cross-country differences in giving receiving (time transfers) by gender age for 28 It demonstrates how much more is done women compared with men lifecycle all The also shows highest amount time transfers received youngest generations.

Few data sources provide information on private transfers between generations and gender. We use a novel approach based the National Transfer Accounts methodology to estimate value of intra-family by age, gender parental status in Austria 2015. The paper considers monetary together with consumption goods services produced non-market work. Our results show that parents one third their disposable income up four hours daily work for children. total size corresponds 38 per cent primary income.

Based on European National Transfer Accounts data from 2010, this paper quantifies and evaluates the balance of intergenerational transfer flows in 16 EU countries, including transfers form unpaid household work. On average, value net received by a child amounts to sixteen times labour income full-time worker, an elderly person six worker. Intergenerational can be regarded as reciprocal exchange between two generations: size generation determines their potential generate finance public...

When studying the economic consequences of changes in age structure population, looking at dependency ratios provides us with some descriptive and intuitive initial insights. In this paper, we present two ratios. The first ratio is based on activity status, relates number dependent individuals to workers. second consumption total labour income. To build up ratio, rely recently set National Transfer Accounts (NTA) for Austria. Simulations employment-based constant agespecific employment rates...

Population ageing exerts considerable pressure on the funding of public transfers. It is utmost importance to understand how transfer system can adapt population ageing. Using National Transfer Accounts, we illustrate different organisation systems across Europe. Countries like Greece and Romania, where labour income already falls short consumption at age 54, would greatly improve their sustainability by following Swedish example this happens ten years later. High older ages less problematic...

Introduction Analyzing population ageing and intergenerational redistribution: NTA AGENTA Ronald Lee Andrew Mason Research Articles Welfare state winners losers in societies Miguel S´anchez-Romero, Gemma Ab´ıo, Montserrat Botey, Alexia Prskawetz, Joze Sambt, Meritxell Sole Juves, Guadalupe Souto, Lili Vargha Concepcio Patxot Intergenerational inequalities mortality-adjusted disposable incomes Hippolyte d’Albis Ikpidi Badji the age distribution of public consumption transfers EU...