A5061643347- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Plant and animal studies
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Gut microbiota and health
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Gene expression and cancer classification
University of Connecticut
2018-2025
University of Stirling
2024
University of Aberdeen
2024
ORCID
2023
Government Communications Headquarters
2023
The University of Texas at Austin
2013-2022
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
2010-2021
Health Affairs
2021
University of Massachusetts Lowell
2021
Texas State University
2021
Most empirical and theoretical studies of resource use population dynamics treat conspecific individuals as ecologically equivalent. This simplification is only justified if interindividual niche variation rare, weak, or has a trivial effect on ecological processes. article reviews the incidence, degree, causes, implications individual‐level to challenge these simplifications. Evidence for individual specialization available 93 species distributed across broad range taxonomic groups....
Predation is a central feature of ecological communities. Most theoretical and empirical studies predation focus on the consequences predators consuming their prey. Predators reduce prey population densities through direct consumption (a density-mediated interaction, DMI), process that may indirectly affect prey's resources, competitors, other predators. However, can also density by stimulating costly defensive strategies. The costs these strategies include reduced energy income, energetic...
Resource competition is thought to play a major role in driving evolutionary diversification. For instance, ecological character displacement, coexisting species evolve use different resources, reducing the effects of interspecific competition. It that similar diversifying effect might occur response among members single species. Individuals may mitigate intraspecific by switching alternative resources not used conspecific competitors. This diversification force some models sympatric...
Sympatric speciation, the evolution of reproductive isolation without geographic barriers, remains highly contentious. As a result new empirical examples and theory, it is now generally accepted that sympatric speciation has occurred in at least few instances, theoretically plausible. Instead, debate shifted to whether common, models’ assumptions are met nature. The relative frequency will be difficult resolve, because biogeographic changes have obscured geographical patterns underlying many...
We present a framework for explaining variation in predator invasion success and impacts on native prey that integrates information about predator–prey naïveté, behavioral responses to each other, consumptive non-consumptive effects of predators prey, interacting multiple species interactions. begin with the 'naïve prey' hypothesis posits naïve, lack evolutionary history non-native suffer heavy predation because they exhibit ineffective antipredator novel predators. Not all naïve however,...
Many apparently generalized species are in fact composed of individual specialists that use a small subset the population's resource distribution. Niche variation is usually established by testing null hypothesis individuals draw from common This approach encourages publication bias which negative results rarely reported, and obscures degree specialization, limiting our ability to carry out comparative studies causes or consequences niche variation. To facilitate this paper outlines four...
Vertebrates harbour diverse communities of symbiotic gut microbes. Host diet is known to alter microbiota composition, implying that dietary treatments might alleviate diseases arising from altered microbial composition ('dysbiosis'). However, it remains unclear whether effects are general or depend on host genotype. Here we show depends interactions between and sex within populations wild laboratory fish, mice humans. Within each two natural fish (threespine stickleback Eurasian perch),...
There is extensive evidence that some species of ecological generalists, which use a wide diversity resources, are in fact heterogeneous collections relatively specialized individuals. This within-population variation, or "individual specialization," key requirement for frequency-dependent interactions may drive variety types evolutionary diversification and influence the population dynamics species. Consequently, it important to understand when individual specialization likely be strong...
Predator effects on prey dynamics are conventionally studied by measuring changes in abundance attributed to consumption predators. We revisit four classic examples of predator-prey systems often cited textbooks and incorporate subsequent studies nonconsumptive predators (NCE), defined as traits (e.g., behavior, growth, development) measured an ecological time scale. Our review revealed that NCE were integral explaining lynx-hare population boreal forests, cascading top Wisconsin lakes,...
A species's niche width reflects a balance between the diversifying effects of intraspecific competition and constraining interspecific competition. This shifts when species from competitive environment invades depauperate habitat where is reduced. The resulting ecological release permits population expansion, via increased individual widths and/or among-individual variation. We report an experimental test theory in three-spine stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ). factorially manipulated...
Abstract Individuals often differ in what they do. This has been recognised since antiquity. Nevertheless, the ecological and evolutionary significance of such variation is attracting widespread interest, which burgeoning to an extent that fragmenting literature. As a first attempt at synthesis, we focus on individual differences behaviour within populations exceed day‐to‐day (i.e. behavioural specialisation). Indeed, factors promoting ecologically relevant specialisation natural are likely...
Parallel evolution across replicate populations has provided evolutionary biologists with iconic examples of adaptation. When multiple colonize seemingly similar habitats, they may evolve genes, traits, or functions. Yet, replicated in nature the laboratory often yields inconsistent outcomes: Some along highly trajectories, whereas other to different extents distinct directions. To understand these heterogeneous outcomes, are increasingly treating parallel not as a binary phenomenon but...
Most ecological models assume that predator and prey populations interact solely through consumption: predators reduce densities by killing consuming individual prey. However, can also forcing to adopt costly defensive strategies.We build on a simple Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model provide heuristic tool for distinguishing between the demographic effects of consumption (consumptive effects) anti-predator defenses (nonconsumptive effects), among multiple mechanisms which might population...
Speciation can be viewed as a continuum, potentially divisible into several states: (1) continuous variation within panmictic populations, (2) partially discontinuous with minor reproductive isolation, (3) strongly strong but reversible isolation and (4) complete irreversible isolation. Research on sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) reveals factors that influence progress back forth along this well transitions between the states. Most populations exist in state 1, even though some of these show...
Trigenic interactions in yeast link bioprocesses To dissect the genotype-phenotype landscape of a cell, it is necessary to understand between genes. Building on digenic protein-protein interaction network, Kuzmin et al. created trigenic by using synthetic genetic array (see Perspective Walhout). Triple-mutant analyses indicated that majority genes with associations functioned within same biological processes. These converged networks identified landscape. Although overall effects were weaker...