A5086487099- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Vascular Anomalies and Treatments
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
University of Cape Town
2020-2025
Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa
2023-2024
Abstract Background The evolution of tuberculosis (TB) disease during the clinical latency period remains incompletely understood. Methods 250 HIV-uninfected, adult household contacts rifampicin-resistant TB with a negative symptom screen underwent baseline 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission and computed tomography (PET/CT), repeated in 112 after 5-15 months. Following South African WHO guidelines, participants did not receive preventive therapy. All had intensive screening...
Abstract Background World Health Organization (WHO) tuberculosis (TB) screening guidelines recommend computer-aided detection (CAD) software for chest radiograph (CXR) interpretation. However, studies evaluating their diagnostic and prognostic accuracy are limited. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of household contacts rifampicin-resistant TB in South Africa. Participants underwent baseline CXR sputum investigation (routine [single spontaneous] enhanced [additionally 2–3...
Abstract Six months of chemotherapy using current agents is standard care for pulmonary, drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB), even though some are believed to be cured more rapidly and others require longer therapy. Understanding what factors determine the length treatment required durable cure in individual patients would allow individualization durations, provide better clinical tools appropriate duration new regimens, as well reduce cost large Phase III studies optimal combinations use TB...
Abstract Background Data characterizing risk factors and long-term outcome studies on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) in Africa are lacking. Methods The Pan African Pulmonary Hypertension Cohort, a multinational registry of 254 consecutive patients diagnosed with PH (97% descent) from 9 centers 4 countries was implemented. We compared baseline characteristics 3-year survival an HIV-infected cohort newly (PH/HIV+) to HIV-uninfected (PH/HIV−). Results...
Abstract Background WHO Tuberculosis (TB) screening guidelines recommend computer-aided detection (CAD) software for chest radiograph (CXR) interpretation. However, studies evaluating their diagnostic and prognostic accuracy are limited. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of household TB contacts in South Africa. Participants all underwent baseline CXR sputum investigation (routine [single spontaneous] enhanced [additionally 2-3 induced] passive active follow-up incident TB....
Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about pulmonary hypertension in left heart disease (PH-LHD). We used multivariate logistic and cox-hazard proportional regression models to examine factors associated with increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) the effect of real-world HIV status scenarios on 6-month survival rate Pan African Pulmonary Hypertension Cohort (PAPUCO) study, a prospective cohort from four countries. Exposure biomass fuel smoke (aOR, 95%CI 3.07,...
Introduction Statins, also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are lipid-lowering agents that central in preventing or reducing the complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Because statins have anti-inflammatory properties, there is considerable interest their therapeutic potential other chronic inflammatory conditions. We aim to identify statin with greatest ability reduce systemic inflammation, independent underlying disease...
Abstract Introduction Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) bears high mortality rates, primarily attributed to pulmonary vascular and cardiovascular complications. We investigated the impact of tuberculosis (TB) history on hypertension (PH) prognosis within an HIV-burdened region. Methods acquired sociodemographic, clinical, echocardiographic data 206 PH adults from Pan African Pulmonary Hypertension cohort (PAPUCO), a prospective study undertaken in four countries. Cox-hazard regression...
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) and typically infects the lungs. However, extrapulmonary forms of TB can be found in approximately 20% cases. It suggested, that up to 10% affects musculoskeletal system, which spinal elements (spinal tuberculosis, STB) are involved 50% STB a debilitating disease with nonspecific symptoms diagnosis often delayed for months years. In our Spinal X Cohort, we aim describe clinical phenotype using whole-body 18...
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes death worldwide, with approximately 10 million cases annually. Focus has been on pulmonary TB, while extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) received little attention. Diagnosis EPTB remains challenging due to invasive procedures required for sample collection. Spinal (STB) accounts 10% and often leads lifelong debilitating disease devastating spinal deformation compression neural structures. Little known about extent disease, although both...
Post-tuberculosis (TB) radiological changes and symptoms can mimic TB. PCR-based diagnostic tests show positive results, suggesting the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in absence viable bacteria. We present a case with two episodes previous Despite workup including trace to low PCR after performing sputum analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage cyto-brush 18F-FDG PET/CT guided transthoracic biopsy, no culturable mycobacteria were detected. showed high metabolic activity biopsied lesions....
Morbidity and mortality rates after tuberculosis (TB) remain elevated. Persistent lung inflammation (PLI) has been associated with TB relapse. The ongoing StatinTB trial (NCT04147286), evaluates safety/efficacy of 40 mg atorvastatin to reduce PLI treatment in HIV-/HIV+ adults measured by <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/CT, a total follow-up 96 weeks. We report findings at time enrolment into StatinTB/ExtendTB the first 106 participants. Participants clinical response negative sputum culture for 16...
Post tuberculosis lung disease has largely been characterized using spirometry. Data on complete pulmonary function including diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and total are lacking. The ongoing StatinTB trial (NCT04147286), evaluates safety/efficacy of 40 mg atorvastatin to reduce persistent inflammation (PLI) after TB treatment in HIV-/HIV+ adults measured by <sup>18</sup>F-FDG-PET/CT. Follow-up is 96 weeks. We report test with DLCO nitrogen washout functional residual (FRC),...
<h3>Background</h3> Despite the availability of anti-TB treatment, successfully treated TB patients remain with persisting lung inflammation regardless HIV status. Lung has been linked robust or imbalanced host immune responses which exacerbate tissue necrosis. Soluble biomarkers have shown to correlate development at different stages treatment further affect sputum conversion in these patients. In our ongoing StatinTB trial (RIA2017T-2004; NCT04147286), we evaluate safety and efficacy 40 mg...
<h3>Background</h3> Morbidity and mortality rates after successful completion of a six-month course tuberculosis (TB) treatment remain elevated. Persistent lung inflammation (PLI) on 18F-FDG-PET/CT has been associated with TB relapse may also lead to post-TB disease (PTLD). <h3>Methods</h3> The ongoing EDCTP-funded StatinTB trial (RIA2017T-2004; NCT04147286) evaluates safety/efficacy 40 mg atorvastatin reduce PLI in HIV-/HIV+ adults measured by extended total follow-up 96 weeks (ExtendTB,...
<h3>Background</h3> Post-TB lung disease (PTLD) is a neglected chronic condition that occurs despite successful completion of TB treatment. Statins have broad-range immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties with potential to reduce PTLD improve symptoms. In our ongoing StatinTB trial (RIA2017T-2004; NCT04147286), we evaluate safety efficacy 40 mg atorvastatin persistent inflammation (PLI) after treatment in HIV-/HIV+ adults measured by 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Here aim investigate the ex...
Abstract Introduction Mortality rates after successful tuberculosis (TB) treatment remain elevated and healthy survival is impaired by chronic pulmonary disease persistent inflammation. Inflammation leads to a complex cascade of events has been associated with cardiovascular (CVD). Recent epidemiological work described an increased risk CVD in persons history TB. Aims objectives In our ongoing StatinTB trial (NCT04147286), we evaluate safety efficacy 40 mg atorvastatin reduce lung...
Abstract Little is known about pulmonary hypertension in left heart disease (PH-LHD) sub-Saharan Africa. We used multivariate logistic and cox-hazard proportional regression models to investigate factors associated with increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) the impact of real-world HIV status scenarios on six-month survival rate Pan African Pulmonary Hypertension Cohort (PAPUCO) study, a prospective cohort four countries. Upon presentation, exposure biomass fuel smoke (aOR,...