Three-dimensional imaging of biological cells is crucial for the investigation cell biology, providing valuable information to reveal mechanisms behind pathophysiology and tissues. Recent advances in optical diffraction tomography (ODT) have demonstrated potential study various with its unique advantages quantitative label-free capability. To provide insight on this rapidly growing field research discuss applications biology medicine, we present summary ODT principle highlight recent studies...

Background. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used in treatment of malignant tumours. However, cisplatin produces various side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, emetogenesis and ototoxicity. Inflammation an important mechanism nephrotoxicity. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) has anti-inflammatory effects that inhibit both adhesion molecule expression human endothelial cells monocyte by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway. The goals this study were to...

Identification of lymphocyte cell types are crucial for understanding their pathophysiological roles in human diseases. Current methods discriminating primarily rely on labelling techniques with magnetic beads or fluorescence agents, which take time and have costs sample preparation may also a potential risk altering cellular functions. Here, we present the identification non-activated at single-cell level using refractive index (RI) tomography machine learning. From measurements...

In this paper, we present the optical characterisations of diabetic red blood cells (RBCs) in a non-invasive manner employing three-dimensional (3-D) quantitative phase imaging. By measuring 3-D refractive index tomograms and 2-D time-series images, morphological (volume, surface area sphericity), biochemical (haemoglobin concentration content) mechanical (membrane fluctuation) parameters were quantitatively retrieved at individual cell level. With simultaneous measurements properties,...

Microalgae are promising candidates for biofuel production due to their high lipid content. To facilitate utilization of the microalgae biofuel, rapid quantification contents in is necessary. However, conventional methods based on chemical extraction lipids require a time-consuming destructive process. Here, we demonstrate label-free, non-invasive, individual micro-algal cells measuring three-dimensional refractive index tomograms. We measure distributions within Nannochloropsis oculata and...

Ginsenoside Rh3 is a bacterial metabolite of Rg5, which the main constituent heat-processed ginseng. The present study was undertaken to examine anti-inflammatory effect ginsenoside in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. inhibits expressions inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interleukin (IL)-6, at mRNA protein levels, while enhanced hemeoxygenase-1 expression. Moreover, inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by...

Background. Inflammatory processes have been recently seen as underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) plays essential roles in regulating vascular growth, development, maturation, permeability and inflammation. We developed a soluble, stable potent Ang1 variant, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)-Ang1. Methods. In this study, db/db mice were treated with recombinant adenovirus expressing either COMP-Ang1 or LacZ. Histology, inflammatory, metabolic,...

Red blood cells (RBCs) from the cord of newborn infants have distinctive functions for fetal and infant development. To systematically investigate biophysical characteristics individual RBCs in infants, a comparative study was performed adult mothers or non-pregnant women, employing optical holographic micro-tomography. Optical measurements 3-D refractive index distributions, dynamic membrane fluctuations RBCs, enabled retrieval morphological, biochemical, mechanical properties cord,...

Here, the actions of melittin, active molecule apitoxin or bee venom, were investigated on human red blood cells (RBCs) using quantitative phase imaging techniques. High-resolution real-time 3-D refractive index (RI) measurements and dynamic 2-D images individual melittin-bound RBCs enabled in-depth examination melittin-induced biophysical alterations cells. From measurements, morphological, intracellular, mechanical analyzed quantitatively. Furthermore, leakage haemoglobin (Hb) inside at...

In a preliminary experiment, majonoside R2 (MR2), isolated from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.), inhibited differentiation to Th17 cells and was metabolized ocotillol via pseudoginsenoside RT4 (PRT4) by gut microbiota. Therefore, we examined the inhibitory effects of MR2 its metabolites PRT4 against cell differentiation. These ginsenosides significantly suppressed interleukin (IL)-6/tumor growth factor beta-induced splenic CD4+ T into expression IL-17 in vitro. Among...

The structure of pollen grains is related to the reproductive function plants. Here, three-dimensional (3D) refractive index maps were obtained for individual conifer using optical diffraction tomography (ODT). 3D morphological features from pine trees investigated measured maps, in which distinct substructures clearly distinguished and analyzed. Morphological physiochemical parameters quantified (RI) used quantitatively study interspecific differences different strains. Our results...

Abstract The magnetospheres of the Earth and other magnetized planets are replete with high‐frequency fluctuations, which sometimes accompanied by multiple‐harmonic electron cyclotron waves, lower frequency waves whistler‐mode type. Such presumed to be excited energetic electrons trapped in dipolar magnetic field, so‐called loss‐cone electrons, ring distribution being a highly idealized example. present paper investigates stability respect excitation quasi‐electrostatic upper‐hybrid wave...

Abstract We compared the performance of DREAM3D simulations in reproducing long‐term radiation belt dynamics observed by Van Allen Probes over entire year 2017 with various boundary conditions (BCs) and model inputs. Specifically, we investigated effects three different outer conditions, two low‐energy for seed electrons, four radial diffusion (RD) coefficients ( D LL ), hiss wave models, chorus models from literature. Using condition driven GOES data, our benchmark simulation generally well...

Abstract Live cell imaging provides essential information in the investigation of biology and related pathophysiology. Refractive index (RI) can serve as intrinsic optical contrast for 3-D label-free quantitative live imaging, provide invaluable to understand various dynamics cells tissues study numerous fields. Recently significant advances have been made methods analysis approaches utilizing RI, which are now being transferred biological medical research fields, providing novel investigate...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of important issues to cause the chemotherapy failure against cancers including gynecological malignancies. Despite some MDR reversal evidences natural compounds quinidine and cinchonine, there are no reports on activity hydrocinchonine with its analogues cinchonine especially in uterine sarcoma cells. Thus, current study, we comparatively investigated potent efficacy as MDR-reversal agents for combined therapy antitumor agent paclitaxel (TAX)....

The weakly (or mildly) relativistic cyclotron maser instability has been successfully applied to explain the Earth's auroral kilometric radiation and other radio sources in nature laboratory. Among most important physical parameters that determine criteria is ratio of plasma‐to‐electron frequencies, ω p /Ω. It therefore instructive consider how normalized maximum growth rate, γ max /Ω, varies as a function Although many authors have already discussed this problem, order complete analysis,...

Abstract The recent Parker Solar Probe observations of type III radio bursts show that the effects finite background magnetic field can be an important factor in interpretation data. In present paper, on plasma-emission process, which is believed to main emission mechanism for solar coronal and interplanetary bursts, are investigated by means particle-in-cell simulation method. ambient systematically surveyed varying ratio plasma frequency electron gyrofrequency. study shows a sufficiently...

Background and Objective Resistin was recently reported to play a role in inflammation‐related diseases such as arthritis. However, the precise of resistin chronic inflammatory diseases, periodontal disease, remains unclear. The aim this study investigate combined effects nicotine lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) on expression assess whether influences levels cytokines, extracellular matrix ECM molecules MMP s human ligament cells PDLC s) stimulated with both . Material Methods PDLCs were...

Abstract Finite heat flux often exists in space and astrophysical plasmas, which can be a free energy source for instability. The solar wind is well-known example of such plasmas number previous studies have investigated the characteristics instability context wind. In literature there some uncertainties regarding properties While linear theories predict association with right-hand polarized whistler waves, other argue left-hand unstable modes. present study investigates nonlinear...

Abstract Last closed drift shell (LCDS) has been identified as a crucial parameter for investigating the magnetopause shadowing loss of radiation belt electrons. However, orbit bifurcation (DOB) effects have not physically incorporated into LCDS calculation. Here we calculate event‐specific using different approaches to dealing with DOB effects, that is, tracing field lines ignoring DOB, test particles rejecting and including then incorporate them radial diffusion model simulate fast...

To determine whether chemokines such as SDF-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are responsible for hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation to identify the underlying mechanism in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).Human were exposed 0.4 mmol H2 48 h. mRNA expression protein examined by RT-PCR Western blot analysis, respectively. The of chemokine (SDF-1 MCP-1), their receptors (CXCR4 CXCR2) proteins was evaluated reverse transcriptase-polymerase...