A5001429013- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
2024
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2024
National Institutes of Health
2024
University of Georgia
2017-2023
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
2021
United States Food and Drug Administration
2021
University of Vermont
2013-2016
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of many chronic diseases, including diabetes and long-term hypertension. We show that acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to endothelial in rat mesenteric arteries. Endothelial-dependent dilation was greatly diminished 24 h after TBI because impaired nitric oxide (NO) production. The activity arginase, which competes with NO synthase (eNOS) for the common substrate l-arginine, were also significantly increased arteries, suggesting arginase-mediated...
Most humans have pre-existing immunity to influenza viruses. In this study, volunteers (ages of 18-85 years) were vaccinated with split, inactivated Fluzone™ vaccine in four consecutive seasons from 2013 2016 seasons. The impact repeated vaccination on breadth and durability antibodies was assessed as a result strain changes. Total IgG anti-hemagglutinin (HA) binding hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity increased all age groups against both A HA components the post-vaccination (day...
A critical question in understanding the immunity to SARS-COV-2 is whether recovered patients are protected against re-challenge and transmission upon second exposure. We developed a Syrian hamster model which intranasal inoculation of just 100 TCID 50 virus caused viral pneumonia. Aged hamsters more severe disease even succumbed SARS-CoV-2 infection, representing first lethal using genetically unmodified laboratory animals. After initial clearance, were re-challenged with 10 5 displayed...
Many patients with cancer experience physical disability following diagnosis, although little is known about the mechanisms underlying these functional deficits. To characterize skeletal muscle adaptations to in humans, we evaluated structure and contractile function at molecular, cellular, whole-muscle, whole-body level 11 (5 cachectic, 6 noncachectic) controls without disease. Patients showed a 25% reduction knee extensor isometric torque after adjustment for mass ( P < 0.05), which was...
The rapid emergence of several variants concern SARS-CoV-2 calls for evaluations viral fitness and pathogenicity in animal models order to understand the mechanism enhanced transmission possible increases morbidity mortality rates. Here, we demonstrated that immunity naturally acquired through a prior infection with first-wave variant does confer nearly complete protection against B.1.1.7 Syrian hamsters upon reexposure.
Biochemical and structural analyses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is well-adapted to infecting humans the presence of four residues (PRRA) at S1/S2 site within spike (S) protein, which may lead unexpected tissue or host tropism. Here we report efficiently utilized ACE2 9 species infect 293T cells. Similarly, pseudoviruses bearing S protein derived from either bat RaTG13 pangolin GX, two closely related animal coronaviruses, a diverse range gain entry. Removal PRRA displayed distinct effects on...
H5N1 COBRA hemagglutinin (HA) sequences, termed human COBRA-2 HA, were constructed through layering of HA sequences from viruses isolated humans collected between 2004-2007 using only clade 2 strains. These proteins, when expressed on the surface virus-like particles (VLP), elicited protective immune responses in mice, ferrets, and non-human primates. However, these vaccines not as effective at inducing neutralizing antibodies against newly circulating viruses. Therefore, HA-based updated...
Numerous vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, are under development. The majority to date designed induce immune responses viral spike (S) protein, although different forms S antigen have been incorporated. To evaluate yield and immunogenicity S, we constructed modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing full-length (MVA-S), RBD, soluble ectodomain tested their in dose-ranging studies mice. All three MVA induced spike-specific...
Zoonotic transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) into the human population is an increasing global threat. The recent 2022 HPAIV outbreak significantly highlighted this possibility, concern in general population. clinical outcomes exposure can be determined by individual's primary infection (imprinting) or vaccination status. Immunological imprinting with Group 1 - (H1N1, H2N2, and H2N3) increases survival rates following viral compared to 2 (H3N2) imprinted...
The genetic and antigenic drift associated with the high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of Goose/Guangdong (Gs/GD) lineage emergence vaccine-resistant field underscores need for a broadly protective H5 A vaccine. Here, we tested experimental vector herpesvirus turkey (vHVT)-H5 vaccines containing either wild-type clade 2.3.4.4A-derived inserts or computationally optimized reactive antigen (COBRA) challenge by homologous genetically divergent HPAI Gs/GD in chickens. Direct...
Epidemiological studies have revealed the emergence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOC), including lineage B.1.1.7 that is rapidly replacing old variants. The variant has been linked to increased morbidity rates, transmissibility, and potentially mortality (1). To assess viral fitness in vivo address whether capable immune escape, we conducted infection re-infection naïve convalescent Syrian hamsters (>10 months old). Hamsters infected by either a or B.1 (G614) exhibited comparable...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under one year age. In addition to causing severe respiratory diseases children, it also a major morbidity mortality among elderly immunocompromised individuals. RSV most common lower tract infections, yet there are currently no licensed vaccines. A parainfluenza 5 (PIV5)-based amplifying virus-like particle (AVLP), which enables use PIV5 RNA transcription/replication machinery express gene...