Cannabis sativa has long been an important source of fiber extracted from hemp and both medicinal recreational drugs based on cannabinoid compounds. Here, we investigated its poorly known domestication history using whole-genome resequencing 110 accessions worldwide origins. We show that C. was first domesticated in early Neolithic times East Asia all current drug cultivars diverged ancestral gene pool currently represented by feral plants landraces China. identified candidate genes...

The effects of specific functional groups pollinators in the diversification angiosperms are still to be elucidated. We investigated whether pollination shifts or association with hummingbirds affected a highly diverse angiosperm lineage Neotropics. reconstructed phylogeny 583 species from Gesneriaceae family and detected through time, inferred timing amount transitions among pollinator groups, tested between hummingbird speciation extinction rates. identified high frequency transitions,...

A vast diversity of types life cycles exists in nature, and several theories have been advanced to explain how this has evolved each type cycle is retained over evolutionary time. Here, we exploited the reproductive traits brown algae (Phaeophyceae) test hypotheses on evolution cycles. We investigated dynamics four life-history traits: cycle, sexual system, level gamete dimorphism parthenogenetic capacity. assigned states up 77 representative species taxonomic algal group, a multi-gene...

New World Monkeys (NWM) (platyrrhines) are one of the most diverse groups primates, occupying today a wide range ecosystems in American tropics and exhibiting large variations ecology, morphology, behavior. Although relationships among almost 200 living species relatively well understood, we lack robust estimates timing origin, ancestral geographic evolution clade. Herein, integrate paleontological molecular evidence to assess evolutionary dynamics extinct extant platyrrhines. We develop...

ABSTRACT Crop wild relatives that have experienced multiple and independent domestication events provide an excellent model for understanding adaptation processes in crop populations a first relevant aspect to investigate is the geographic origin of landraces. The aim this research was establish Mesoamerican Andean Lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus L.) landraces by analyzing chloroplast DNA ITS polymorphisms sample 59 50 landrace accessions. According seed size, genetic distance analyses,...

Sexual life cycles in eukaryotes involve a cyclic alternation between haploid and diploid phases. While most animals possess cycle, many plants algae alternate multicellular (gametophyte) (sporophyte) generations. In algae, gametophytes sporophytes are independent free-living may present dramatic phenotypic differences. The same shared genome can therefore be subject to different, even conflicting, selection pressures during each of the cycle Here, we analyze nature extent genome-wide,...

Background The immune status of a patient’s tumor microenvironment (TME) may guide therapeutic interventions with cancer immunotherapy and help identify potential resistance mechanisms. Currently, patients’ is mostly classified based on CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. An unmet need exists for comparable reliable precision immunophenotyping tools that would facilitate clinical treatment-relevant decision-making the understanding how to overcome Methods We systematically analyzed CD8...

ABSTRACT Phaseolus lunatus L., Lima bean, has been domesticated at least twice in the Americas, once Andean region and another time Mesoamerica; however, domestication history of this crop latter remains unclear. In study, a phylogeographic analysis DNA polymorphisms internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal from collection wild accessions was applied to establish where how many times Mesoamerica bean domesticated. The results showed evidence for two Mesoamerican gene pools with...

Abstract Aim The rich flora of the Caribbean islands and surrounding mainland evolved in a context isolation alternated with phases terrestrial connectivity between landmasses, climatic fluctuations episodes mass extinctions during Cenozoic. We explored how these events affected evolution sister palm tribes Cryosophileae Sabaleae, continent‐island exchanges, endemic radiations extinction shaped their extant diversity. Location American continent including region. Methods reconstructed...

Abstract Background Major factors influencing the phenotypic diversity of a lineage can be recognized by characterizing extent and mode trait evolution between related species. Here, we compared evolutionary dynamics traits associated with floral morphology climatic preferences in clade composed genera Codonanthopsis, Codonanthe Nematanthus (Gesneriaceae). To test specific components that lead to this group, performed Bayesian phylogenetic analysis combined nuclear plastid DNA sequences...

Abstract The adaptive radiation of Bromeliaceae (pineapple family) is one the most diverse among Neotropical flowering plants. Diversification in this group was facilitated by shifts several traits or “key innovations” including transition from C 3 to CAM photosynthesis associated with xeric (heat/drought) adaptation. We used phylogenomic approaches, complemented differential gene expression (RNA‐seq) and targeted metabolite profiling, address mechanisms /CAM evolution extremely species‐rich...

ABSTRACT Brown algae are characterized by a remarkable diversity of life cycles, sexual systems, and reproductive modes, these traits seem to be very labile across the whole group. This makes them ideal models test existing theories on evolution alternation between generations, examine correlations cycle history traits. In this study, we investigate dynamics trait for four life-history traits: cycle, system, level gamete dimorphism parthenogenetic capacity. We assign states up 70 species in...

Abstract Despite the importance of gene function to evolutionary biology, applicability comparative methods is poorly known. A specific case which has crystallized methodological questions ‘orthologue conjecture’, hypothesis that evolves faster after duplication (i.e. in paralogues), and conversely conserved between orthologues. Since mode functional evolution not well known, we investigate under reasonable scenarios phylogenetic independent contrasts or pairwise comparisons can recover a...

Premise of the study: Despite extensive phenotypic variation that characterizes Gesneriaceae family, there is a lack genomic resources to investigate molecular basis their diversity. We developed and compared transcriptomes for two species Neotropical lineage Gesneriaceae. Methods Results: Illumina sequencing de novo assembly floral leaf samples were used generate multigene sequence data Sinningia eumorpha S. magnifica , endemic Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A total 300 million reads assemble...

ABSTRACT Background Sexual life cycles in eukaryotes involve a cyclic alternation between haploid and diploid phases. While most animals possess cycle, plants algae alternate multicellular (gametophyte) (sporophyte) generations. In many algae, gametophytes sporophytes are independent free living, may present dramatic phenotypic differences. The same shared genome can therefore be subject to different, even conflicting, selection pressures each of the cycle Here, we have analysed nature...

The adaptive radiation of Bromeliaceae (pineapple family) is one the most diverse among Neotropical flowering plants. Diversification in this group was facilitated by several ‘key innovations’ including transition from C3 to CAM photosynthesis. We used a phylogenomic approach complemented differential gene expression (RNA-seq) and targeted metabolite profiling address patterns mechanisms C3/CAM evolution extremely species-rich bromeliad genus Tillandsia related taxa. Evolutionary analyses at...

Abstract New World monkeys (parvorder Platyrrhini) are one of the most diverse groups primates, occupying today a wide range ecosystems in American tropics and exhibiting large variations ecology, morphology, behavior. Although relationships among almost 200 living species relatively well understood, we lack robust estimates timing origin, ancestral evolution distribution clade. Here integrate paleontological molecular evidence to investigate evolutionary dynamics extinct extant...

Abstract The repeated evolution of convergent floral shapes and colors in angiosperms has been largely interpreted as the response to pollinator-mediated selection maximize attraction efficiency specific groups pollinators. genetic mechanisms contributing certain flower traits have studied detail for model system species, but extent by which flowers are free vary how predictable changes underlying adaptation pollinator shifts still remain unknown. Here, we aimed at detecting basis phenotypes...

ABSTRACT Background The immune status of a patient’s tumor microenvironment (TME) may guide therapeutic interventions with cancer immunotherapy and help identify potential resistance mechanisms. Currently, patients’ is mostly classified based on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. An unmet need exists for comparable reliable precision immunophenotyping tools that would facilitate clinical treatment-relevant decision-making the understanding how to overcome Methods We systematically analyzed...