A5074668533- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Plant Ecology and Taxonomy Studies
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Infrared Thermography in Medicine
National Veterinary Research Institute
2018
Several Avian paramyxoviruses 1 (synonymous with Newcastle disease virus or NDV, used hereafter) classification systems have been proposed for strain identification and differentiation. These pioneered efforts; however, they were based on different approaches lacked objective criteria the differentiation of isolates. differences created discrepancies among systems, rendering discussions comparisons across studies difficult. Although a system that was by Diel co-workers in 2012, ample...
We analyzed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 epizootic of 2016-17 in Europe by epidemiologic and genetic characteristics compared it with 2 previous epizootics caused same Guangdong lineage. The was largest number countries farms affected greatest diversity wild birds infected. observed significant differences among 3 regarding region affected, epidemic curve, seasonality, outbreak duration, making difficult to predict future HPAI epizootics. However, we know that 2005-06...
Our study demonstrates the repeated isolation of vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses from different species wild birds across four continents 1997 through 2014. The data indicate that at least 17 ten avian orders occupying habitats excrete viruses. most frequently reported isolates were detected among individuals in order Columbiformes (n = 23), followed frequency by Anseriformes 13). Samples isolated both free-ranging 47) and kept captivity 7). number recovered corresponded with...
This study reports the first incursion into European poultry of H5N1 highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza A (HPNAI) viruses from clade 2.3.2 that affected domestic and wild birds in Romania Bulgaria, respectively. Previous occurrences Europe HPNAI these populations have involved exclusively 2.2. represents most westerly spread viruses, which shown an apparently expanding range geographical dispersal since mid-2009 following confirmation infections waterfowl species Mongolia Eastern...
A number of contemporary outbreaks Newcastle disease (ND) in Israel, Turkey, Georgia and Bulgaria have all been caused by a very similar viruses related to lineage 5a (genotype VIIa). Comparison with published ND virus (NDV) sequences suggests that this strain originated South-East Asia on introduction has circulated widely backyard poultry the Middle East into Eastern Europe. An intracerebral pathogenicity index 1.9 was obtained for representative isolate from Bulgaria. In addition,...
In this article, we present an assessment of the risk potential introduction and spread highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in cows Bulgaria. spring 2024, witnessed unprecedented virus dairy herds USA. This crossing interspecies barriers by creates a real danger pandemic manifestations humans. The continued H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b populations other mammalian species efficient animal-to-animal transmission increases infection subsequent human populations. According to registers, as 1...
Sheeppox (SPP), goatpox (GTP), and lumpy skin disease (LSD) are economically significant pox diseases of ruminants, caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV), (GTPV), (LSDV), respectively. SPPV GTPV can infect both sheep goats, while LSDV mainly affects cattle. The recent emergence LSD in Asia Europe the repeated incursions SPP Greece, Bulgaria, Russia highlight how these spread outside their endemic regions, stressing urgent need to develop high-throughput serological surveillance tools. We expressed...
The first detection of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in Bulgaria dates back to December 2016. Since then, many outbreaks caused by HPAI H5 viruses from clade 2.3.4.4B have been reported both domestic and wild birds different regions the country. In this study, we characterized complete genome sixteen collected between 2019 2021. Phylogenetic analyses revealed persistent circulation strain for four consecutive years (December 2016-June 2020) emergence 2020 novel...
Between 2017 and 2018, several farms across Bulgaria reported outbreaks of H5 highly-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. In this study we used genomic traditional epidemiological analyses to trace the origin subsequent spread these within Bulgaria. Both methods indicate two separate incursions, one restricted northeastern region Dobrich, another largely Central Eastern including places such as Plovdiv, Sliven Stara Zagora, well virus from Western Vidin. likely originate different...
Circulating HPAI virus H5N1 can be traced back to the original A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 strain. During epidemiological years 2022 and 2023, a remarkable number of isolates were detected reported in diverse range hosts, including wild domestic birds, mammals humans, more than 28 European countries. Interestingly, potential for cross-species transmission highlights complex dynamics viral spread among these different susceptible species. The persistently emerging outbreaks animals humans...
Nota de Investigacón Bulgaria has a surveillance program on avian influenza to keep close watch health of poultry, exotic birds, and wild birds. The samples include sera for serologic examination, carcasses, tissue samples, tracheal cloacal swabs, feces virologic examination. number depends the epizootic situation in country neighboring countries. Migration resting living areas birds also are under consideration. territory is divided into 28 regions. For each these regions, there exact types...
Abstract Introduction The study of histopathological changes caused by influenza A (H5N8) viral infection in bird species is essential for the understanding their role spread this highly infectious virus. However, there are few such studies under natural conditions minor gallinaceous species. This article describes pathomorphological findings Colchis pheasants infected naturally with H5N8 during an epizootic outbreak Bulgaria. Material and Methods Samples internal organs 10 carcasses were...
Abstract Between 2017 and 2018, several farms across Bulgaria reported outbreaks of H5 HPAI viruses. In this study we use genomic traditional epidemiological analyses to trace the origin subsequent spread these within Bulgaria. Both methods indicate two separate incursions, one restricted North-Eastern region Dobrich, another largely Central Eastern including places such as Plovdiv, Sliven Stara Zagora, well virus from Western Vidin. likely originate different European 2.3.4.4b ancestors...
This article outlines pathomorphologic findings of a study involving commercial mule ducks with confirmed influenza A H5N8 infections after series outbreaks in Bulgaria. Examinations were carried out performing necropsy on dead birds from three different age groups (up to 15, 20 30, and 40+ days age) fattened farms. Among all ages, gross lesions present as affecting the heart. Histologically, myocardium exhibited severe intermyofibrillar edema, moderate massive hemorrhages, degenerative...
Bulgaria has a unique geographic position in Europe, with two migratory wild bird routes, Via Pontica and Aristotelis, passing through the country. is second-largest migration route hundreds of thousands birds, representing more than 110 species, wintering lakes by Black Sea wetlands near Danube River. Aristotelis situated West along Strouma Mesta river valleys, it regional importance for Balkan Peninsula. In this study, we examined 2000 samples from birds orders Anseriformes, Ciconiiformes,...
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza (AIV) are pathogens of major economic social importance, the diseases they cause often devastating, particularly in domestic poultry. Both viruses naturally found a wide variety wild birds, aquatic species, where asymptomatic infection typically occurs. Wild birds therefore considered to be natural reservoir for both viruses. kept captivity an environment that promotes transmission with This report describes survey detection antibodies...
The aim of this study is to estimate the histopathological changes in visceral organs naturally infected with avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype A H5N1 dalmatian pelicans Bulgaria. identified gross lesions are: haemorrhagic small intestine, sparse content gizzard and proventriculus, well defined hyperemia tracheal mucosa associated petechiae, as meningeal brain congestion. birds exhibited following changes: edema loss mucosal glands, mild moderate congestion focal necrosis multifocal non...
Q fever, first described among slaughterhouse staff in Australia 1937, is now recognized as an endemic disease throughout the world, except New Zealand. Since this description, knowledge of pathogen and its associated infections has increased dramatically. From public health point view economic consequences, fever a zoonotic high importance, etiological agent which, Coxiella burnetii, included group B list potential biological weapons World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH, founded OIE)....
Avian influenza is still of a big concern for poultry production. The last year many European countries considered some strategies vaccination. France was the first country in Europa who started vaccination program since autumn 2023. aim this study to present importance knowing genetic characteristics current strains circulating Bulgaria. Knowing their origin gives us knowledge predict and choose future management outbreaks. landscape avian vaccines dynamic process, with ongoing research...
Circulating HPAI virus H5N1 can be traced back to the original A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 strain. During epidemiological years 2022 and 2023, a remarkable number of isolates were detected reported in diverse range hosts, including wild domestic birds, mammals humans, more than 28 European countries. Interestingly, potential for cross-species transmission highlights complex dynamics viral spread among these different susceptible species. The persistently emerging outbreaks animals humans...
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and severe worldwide affecting birds. The infection mild zoonosis can cause conjunctivitis in humans, but the condition usually self-limiting. ND caused by virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1. occurs five forms: velogenic viscerotrophic, neutrotropic, mesogenic, lentogenic asymptomatic enteric disease. Lentogenic are very widespread, do not outbreaks poultry. its pathogenic form, WOAH listed must be reported. It manifests as...
This study documents the clinical signs, necropsy findings and viral antigen distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infection in domestic poultry (a backyard farm) phylogenetic analysis virus. On January 29, 2015, an outbreak HPAI was reported on a farm Bulgaria. Out twenty-two chickens with twenty died while remaining two were destroyed. The morbidity 100%, whereas overall mortality lethality 90.91%. observations made sudden death, high mortality, weakness,...
Guineafowl of different ages were inoculated intravenously with a H6N2 wild waterfowl-origin low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV). No clinical disease was observed. The infected birds had atrophy the spleen, thymus, and cloacal bursa when compared noninfected control groups. central peripheral lymphoid tissues presented either lymphoproliferative or degenerative lesions that increased in intensity from 14 to 21 days postinoculation (DPI). Lymphoid depletion present bursa, thymic...