A5043706330- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Agricultural pest management studies
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Soybean genetics and cultivation
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
- Agricultural Systems and Practices
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Science and Climate Studies
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Media Influence and Health
- Avian ecology and behavior
Natural England
2014-2024
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
1997-2006
Agricultural Development Advisory Service (United Kingdom)
1997-1999
University of Southampton
1994-1996
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
1994
‘Resilience’ has been a subject of ecological theory and investigation over many years. It also become common objective climate change adaptation across the whole range human activities. Climate within conservation framework draws on both these histories, it is not surprising that increasing resilience frequently an overarching in strategies principles; which have published by conservationists ecologists recent years (Heller & Zavaleta 2009; Mawdsley, O’Malley Ojima 2009). word resonates...
Abstract Cereal fields are central to balancing food production and environmental health in the face of climate change. Within them, invertebrates provide key ecosystem services. Using 42 years monitoring data collected southern E ngland, we investigated sensitivity resilience cereal extreme weather events examined effect long‐term changes temperature, rainfall pesticide use on invertebrate abundance. Of 26 groups examined, eleven proved sensitive events. Average abundance increased hot/dry...
Impacts of climate change on natural and human systems will become increasingly severe as the magnitude increases. Climate adaptation interventions to address current projected impacts are thus paramount. Yet, evidence their effectiveness remains limited, highlighting need for appropriate ecological indicators measure progress environment. We outline conceptual, analytical, practical challenges in developing such indicators, before proposing a framework with three process-based two...
Abstract Climate change is increasingly altering the composition of ecological communities, in combination with other environmental pressures such as high‐intensity land use. Pressures are expected to interact their effects, but extent which intensive human use constrains community responses climate currently unclear. A generic indicator impact, temperature index ( CTI ), has previously been used suggest that both bird and butterflies successfully ‘tracking’ change. Here, we assessed changes...
The influence of plot size in assessing the impact pesticide treatment on invertebrate populations cereals was investigated. Within-field experiments were performed southern England winter wheat using broad-spectrum aphicide dimethoate. Post-treatment recovery monitored using, separate experimental designs, pitfall traps centre treated plots different from 4 × m up to 288 m, and transects running edge large plots. Invertebrate population shown be dependent treated. Two contrasting patterns...
Although the number of studies discerning impact climate change on ecological systems continues to increase, there has been relatively little sharing lessons learnt when accumulating this evidence. At a recent workshop entitled ‘Using data in research’ held at UK Met Office, ecologists and scientists came together discuss robust analysis ecology. The discussions identified three common pitfalls encountered by ecologists: 1) selection inappropriate spatial resolutions for analysis; 2)...
Restoring intensive agricultural fields to species-rich semi-natural grassland could have profound effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, only a minority of European agri-environment scheme funding is currently devoted such measures (< 1% in the UK) too few studies compare restored habitats with that appropriate control reference sites. As result, there lack advice for land managers how implement habitat restoration maximise conservation outcomes, especially insects. We...
Projected impacts of climate change on the populations and distributions species pose a challenge for conservationists. In response, number adaptation strategies to enable persist in changing have been proposed. Management maximise quality habitat at existing sites may reduce magnitude or frequency climate‐driven population declines. addition large‐scale management landscapes could potentially improve resilience by facilitating inter‐population movements. A reduction obstacles species’ range...
Summary. The effect of nitrogen fertiliser on populations the cereal aphids Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum winter wheat was investigated in a three year field experiment. Naturally occurring aphid were monitored treatments; none, application using Canopy Management guidelines (130–210 kg ha ‐1 ) conventional practice (190 ). Inoculations laboratory reared S. used to enhance half plots. Natural M. remained below current UK spray threshold level two‐thirds shoots infested at start...
It is increasingly important to understand the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems support development effective adaptation strategies. The impact will vary for different species habitats, with some at greater risk than others in any given location. Assessments vulnerability are frequently starting point planning but there a variety approaches it not clear which best circumstances. Protected areas core nature conservation focus this study. We compare two commonly used...
Insect feeding on leaves, pods, and seeds causes significant yield loss in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Robust growth models would be helpful to simulate the effect of defoliation or depodding yield. The objective this study was evaluate CROPGRO‐Soybean model for its ability predict impacts insect depodding. Growth data were used calibrate two cultivars Griffith, NSW, Australia. evaluated against independent from experiments at Griffith Gainesville, FL. work tested sensitivity various...
Summary Agri‐environment scheme ( AES ) interventions are a major avenue for habitat creation and restoration across Europe. To maximize benefits biodiversity, sometimes spatially targeted relative to existing semi‐natural SNH ). However, the evidence base effective spatial targeting is deficient; studies until now have collated data several taxa regions, resulting in non‐specific advice that only useful at regional scale. We present field study using macro‐moths (Lepidoptera) test (i)...
The need for adaptation to reduce the negative impacts of climate change on protected areas has been internationally recognised. To enable this a vulnerability assessment 61 National Nature Reserves in England was completed by reserve managers. results show that many aspects biodiversity within reserves are at risk from change. Changes temperature were identified as major threat upland and freshwater sites. rainfall frequency extreme weather events presented large risks wetland Managers 41...
Abstract Experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to investigate the mechanism underlying patterns of invertebrate population recovery winter wheat following treatment with broad‐spectrum insecticide dimethoate. Predation Drosophila pupae artificially induced aphid populations was monitored at different distances into plots treated An initial drop predation recorded all positions treatment. rate then showed a period recovery, which progressed from edge centre plots. This pattern...
Abstract The corn earworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) and the native budworm H . punctigera are major pests of irrigated soybean in southern New South Wales northern Victoria. Information on within‐plant distribution eggs is required to assist development appropriate sampling techniques for these determine possible effects control achieved by insecticides. Field‐cage experiments were conducted both species throughout a crop. field was also recorded from commercial crops soybean. results...
Summary Surveys were undertaken to determine the distribution of overwintering pupae two species Helicoverpa in south‐eastern Australia. The results indicate that significant populations H. armigera have potential overwinter as region under residues their summer crop hosts. punctigera , conversely, was found not any degree. also suggest a high proportion population are located relatively few risk fields. represents an ideal opportunity for control on area‐wide basis using post harvest...
Abstract Seven insecticides were evaluated against first‐, third‐ and fifth‐instar Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) punctigera (Wallengren) larvae using a leaf‐disc bioassay of field‐treated soybean. Significant differences detected in age‐specific mortality, time to effect (LT50) field persistence the tested. With exception trichlorfon, mortality first‐instar was similar different treatments commercial standard, methomyl. The spinosad chlorpyrifos also that methomyl treatment, while based on...
Decisions on the choice of appropriate tactical and strategic control techniques require an understanding seasonal distribution ecology target species. To address this need, data were collected from 1997 to 2000 using crop surveys, field sampling pheromone trapping monitor population trends Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) H. punctigera (Wallengren) in Riverina region south-eastern Australia. The gathered are compared predictions HElicoverpa Armigera Punctigera Simulation (HEAPS) model, that...