The negative environmental impact and the rapidly declining reserve of fossil fuel-based energy sources for electricity generation is a big challenge to finding sustainable alternatives. This scenario complicated by ever-increasing world population growth demanding higher standard living. A fuel cell system able generate water with efficiency while producing near-zero emissions. common stack displays nonlinear power characteristic as result internal limitations operating parameters such...

The modeling and optimization of a community microgrid situated in an urban area is presented this paper. Such communities include places like housing estates, large hospital complexes, residential universities higher learning. case study used work estate Cape Town, South Africa. Distributed energy resources the are diesel generators, rooftop solar photovoltaic system, electrical load that segmented into critical non-critical type. segmentation allows intelligent shedding scheme order to...

The process of maximum power extraction from alternative energy systems was at the first instance applied to such as photovoltaic and wind technologies. Both operate on principle conversion either solar or into electrical energy. Thus, generated powers depend directly radiation level cell temperature for speed generators. To avoid inefficient system operations, outputs are optimized through point tracking techniques. Fuel cells also candidates their output affected by internal limitations...

As a result of global energy demand increase, concerns over warming, and rapid exhaustion fossil fuels, there is growing interest in system dependence on clean sustainable resources. Attractive power technologies include photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, biomass power. Fuel cells are also units that substitute generators based fuels. They employed various applications, including transportation, stationary power, small portable cell connections to utility grids require the conditioning...

The increased interest in space activities, structural health monitoring, and terrestrial monitoring hostile inaccessible zones places a high demand for energy sources autonomous systems. Conventional electrochemical batteries that could be used are plagued by low storage density, short life, disposal of unwanted batteries, related undesired recharging or replacement maintenance requirements, which endangers the environment. Fuel cells solar being exploited to mitigate adverse effect...

Power generating entities’ connection to utility grids requires power converters achieve high efficiency and low injected current harmonic distortion. The control of the converter plays a crucial role in grid-tied converter’s performance. Various techniques for inverters ranging from classical intelligent are introduced several exist. Evaluating state trend related methods, research shows that most works this area focus on grid integration using close-loop other advanced approaches. This is...

Due to their dependence on weather conditions, renewable generators based solar and wind have unpredictable intermittent power outputs, compromising the main objective of a system, which is deliver reliable uninterrupted power. Such introduce uncertainty into functioning planning, way deal with that operate them tied grid, in this case, connection issues been addressed; these being related governments' policies some technical challenges associated quality protection. However, problem will...

Hydrogen is likely to play a significant role in the concept of low-carbon power generation support renewable energy systems. It abundant, eco-friendly, highly efficient and have potential be more cost-effective than fossil fuels provided that engineering challenges associated with its safe infrastructure development, economical extraction storage are solved. Presently, about 50 million metric tons hydrogen generated on yearly basis, most used for oil refining ammoniac production. Other...

Distributed energy resources are significant players in the shift from fossil fuel to green systems. Because these power-generating units increasingly being integrated into existing utility grids, ordinary consumers now active stakeholders, referred as prosumers. Their capabilities not limited consuming electricity but also generating and storing it. A change consumption flexibility has emerged introducing prosumer idea structural sector. That's because if generation capacity of a...

In recent years, solar energy applications have been extended to HVAC systems in general and cooling particular. Compared conventional systems, powered technologies the advantage of reducing use electricity from grid thus saving system operating cost. addition, unlike which present some concerns by CFC (ChloroFluoroCarbon) HCFC (HydroChloroFluoroCarbon) as refrigerants, do not lead environmental due their fewer greenhouse gas emissions. this paper, we performed a simulation absorption using...

A fuel cell output voltage varies significantly with the variation of current. To maintain a stable grid-connected stack and converts its into AC, an inverter is required. Generally, power quality, grid stability performance can be affected bythe extensive use large-scale converters. Proper control settings these converters are essential to eliminate such issues ensure that system complies voltage, frequency,and phase. This paper deals diode clamped three-phase interfacing a1.2 MW stack. The...

This work suggests a five-level cascaded bidirectional converter for battery charger application. The proposed is presented in both Buck and Boost approaches. operates at 50-kHz linked with isolated high frequency loaded by via Buck/Boost switch. scheme applied the phase disposition system to generate PWM signal. Besides, this can be widely utilized high-power medium-voltage applications. simulated MATLAB/SIMULINK selected results were adopted prove validity. As result, state of charge SOC...

This research deals with the design of an LCL filter for a grid tied megawatt fuel cell stack. In adopted configuration, links three-level neutral clamped point inverter grid. A typical is source harmonics as in general its output not pure sinewave. Standards such each IEEE 519 and IEC 61000-3-6 define allowable distortion both current voltage power system based on level respectively. paper aims to reduce produced by serving interface between stack meet abovementioned standards. The input...

This study presents the design of a phase-shifted DC-DC series-parallel full bridge resonant converter (PSFB-LLC) for battery charger application. The proposed is controlled by phase-shift pulse width modulation that switches inverter connected with tank; it equipped an isolated transformer (high frequency) and backed energy transfer achieving zero current switching (ZCS) at all primary active switches. magnetizing inductance was implemented in parallel angle to improve capacitance tank...

The significance of reliable energy storage systems in spacecraft applications cannot be overstated, since they play a vital role ensuring continuous power supply and prolonged mission durations. This research deals with the modeling hybrid multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG)-lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery integrated system for to combine RTGs’ long lifespan reliability benefits alongside Li-ion battery’s rechargeability high density achieve single unit. investigation’s...

The goal of this work is to model a dual loop controlled 3-level (3-L) neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter that operating in grid-tied mode. adopted control strategy includes voltage and current regulation addition phase-locked-loop for synchronizing the grid's phase frequency with NPC inverter. power source configured generate 1.3 MW AC at 600 V from 1.54 proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) stack runs 1400 V. fitted an LCL filter was positioned between grid ensure amount system...

Grid-tied renewable and alternative energy technologies have become vital players in the industry as they contribute to clean, cost-effective, sustainable electricity production. They require power converters proper control ensure their effective integration into grid. This investigation focuses on grid-tied fuel cell inverter control. The scheme uses outer inner loops regulate current voltage. grid are synchronized using a multiple delayed signal cancellations (MDSC)-based PLL. system...

Most African remote telecoms base stations are powered from diesel generators, however, these generators losing attractiveness due to their less reliability in addition high operational and maintenance costs. Over 65% of the loss telecom services observed areas caused by outages resulting diverse types failures that can suffer, on top impacts environment. As alternative, off-grid renewable energy systems often employed place capability provide reliable electricity at an acceptable cost. This...

This paper presents a model of hybrid photovoltaic-wind power system based on SysML (System Modeling Language) which is modeling language in supports to Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practices. MBSE refers formalized procedure systems development through the application principles, methods, languages and tools complete lifetime system. Broadly speaking, performed using software such as Matlab/Simulink, DigSilent, PowerWorld, ETAP, etc. These allow considering particular point view...