The goal of the present study is to determine how incorporate social cues such as gesturing in animated pedagogical agents (PAs) for online multimedia lessons ways that promote student learning. In 3 experiments, college students learned about synaptic transmission from a narrated presentation while their eye movements were tracked and subsequently took learning outcome tests. Experiments 1 2, who had PA added screen performed significantly better on tests transfer (ds = 0.77 0.80) retention...

Previous studies have shown that students learn better from an online lesson when a gesturing pedagogical agent is added (Mayer & DaPra, 2012; Wang, Li, Mayer, Liu, 2018). The goal of this study to pinpoint which aspect causes improvement in learning lesson. College learned about neural transmission multimedia included who displayed specific pointing gestures (i.e., the component diagram being mentioned narration), general direction diagram), nonpointing (moving hands as beats, moving arm up...

Providing single-modality cueing (either visual or auditory cueing) in multimedia lessons does not consistently improve learning outcomes. In 3 eye-tracking experiments, some students learned an onscreen lesson with oral explanation of graphics and then took a posttest on the material (no cues group). Across all spent more time attending to relevant portion graphic performed better posttests if coordinated were added (coordinated dual group), which key elements spoken deeper intonation...

Young children are devoting increasing time to playing on handheld touchscreen devices (e.g., iPads). Though thousands of apps claimed be "educational," there is a lack sufficient evidence examining the impact touchscreens children's learning outcomes. In present study, two questions we focused were (a) whether using was helpful in teaching tell time, and (b) what extent young could transfer they had learned other media. A pre- posttest design adopted. After read iPad for 10 minutes, three...

Abstract Eye movement modelling examples (EMME) are computer‐based videos displaying the visualized eye gaze behaviour of a domain expert person (model) while carefully executing learning or problem‐solving task. The role EMME in promoting cognitive performance (i.e., final scores outcome problem solving) has been questioned due to mixed findings from empirical studies. This study tested effects on attention guidance and by means meta‐analytic procedures. Data for both experimental control...

Abstract Background With the rapid popularization of e‐learning, how to improve online learning has aroused widespread concern. A human‐like pedagogical agent (PA) that displays eye gaze and gestures, is often added multimedia lessons increase social connection in e‐learning environments. However, there been a debate about PAs affect processes outcomes. Objectives Social agency theory holds learners can build with PAs, which affects This study seeks reveal influence by exploring on outcomes...

UAV flying ad-hoc networks (UAV-FANETs) usually consist of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UVAs) using the networking manner. This paper proposes an routing protocol (PSO-GLFR) for FANETs based on greedy forwarding and limited flooding. PSO-GLFR combines peripheral stateless (GPSR) ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV). divides process into stage flooding path-finding stage, uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) strategy to solve suboptimal choice problem forwarding. Simulation results...

Abstract Background How to improve learning with online multimedia lessons has attracted widespread concern. Prior studies have attempted help students learn by breaking a video lesson into several segments. However, there been debate about whether learners can use pause time effectively and prompting them engage in different types of generative activities during pauses better facilitate learning. Objectives This study aimed explore how maximize asking processing segmented narrated lessons....

Many real-time systems have both performance requirements and reliability requirements. Performance is usually measured in terms of the value completing tasks on time. Reliability evaluated by hardware software failure models. In many situations, there are trade-offs between task reliability. Thus, a mathematical assessment performance-reliability necessary to evaluate fault-tolerance systems. Assuming that execution achieved through replication, we present an approach mathematically...

Although adding embodied instructors on the screen is considered an effective way to improve online multimedia learning, its effectiveness still controversial. The level of realism on-screen may be influencing factor, but it unclear how affects learning.

To elucidate the impact of solid solution process on microstructure and mechanical properties Cr−Mn−N austenitic stainless steel, comparative experiments were conducted with varying temperatures durations. The results indicate that grain size gradually increases increasing temperature duration. When reaches a high level (1120 °C) or is maintained at 1080 °C for an extended period (25 min), smaller grains are progressively engulfed by adjacent larger grains, resulting in swift augmentation...