Eleanor M. Riley
A5017348677- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Complement system in diseases
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- HIV Research and Treatment
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Travel-related health issues
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Diverse Scientific Research Studies
University of Edinburgh
2002-2023
LabCorp (United States)
2023
Franklin University
2022
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
2022
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2012-2021
Roslin Institute
2017-2020
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre
2005-2018
Christian Medical College & Hospital
2015-2018
University of London
2008-2017
Royal Preston Hospital
2017
The implementation and evaluation of malaria control programs would be greatly facilitated by new tools for the rapid assessment transmission intensity. Because acquisition maintenance antimalarial antibodies depend on exposure to infection, such might used as proxy measures We have compared prevalence IgG with three Plasmodium falciparum asexual stage antigens in individuals all ages living at varying altitudes encompassing a range intensities from hyper- hypoendemic northeastern Tanzania,...
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a pressing global health problem. A previous study of the vaccine RTS,S (which targets circumsporozoite protein), given with an adjuvant system (AS02A), showed 30% rate protection against clinical in children 1 to 4 years age. We evaluated efficacy more immunogenic (AS01E) 5 17 months age, target population for licensure.
BackgroundThe RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein, inducing antibodies associated with prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infection. We assessed association between anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres and magnitude duration efficacy using data from a phase 3 trial done 2009 2014.MethodsUsing 8922 African children aged 5–17 months 6537 infants 6–12 weeks at first vaccination, we analysed determinants immunogenicity after vaccination or without booster dose....
Variation in the risk of malaria within populations is a frequently described but poorly understood phenomenon. This heterogeneity creates opportunities for targeted interventions only if hot spots transmission can be easily identified.We determined spatial patterns district northeastern Tanzania, using incidence data from cohort study involving infants and household-level mosquito sampling data. The parasite prevalence rates age-specific seroconversion (SCRs) antibodies against Plasmodium...
Abstract The laboratory mouse is the workhorse of immunology, used as a model mammalian immune function, but how well responses mice reflect those free-living animals unknown. Here we comprehensively characterize serological, cellular and functional parameters wild compare them with mice, finding that systems are, comparatively, in highly activated (primed) state. Associations between infection suggest high level pathogen exposure drives this activation. Moreover, have population myeloid...
Antibodies constitute a critical component of the naturally acquired immunity that develops following frequent exposure to malaria. However, specific antibody titres have been reported decline rapidly in absence reinfection, supporting widely perceived notion malaria infections fail induce durable immunological memory responses. Currently, direct evidence for presence or immune is limited. In this study, we analysed longevity both and B cell responses antigens among individuals who were...
The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum invades human red blood cells by a series of interactions between host and surface proteins. By analyzing genome sequence data from populations, including 1269 individuals sub-Saharan Africa, we identify diverse array large copy-number variants affecting the invasion receptor genes GYPA GYPB We find that nearby association with severe is explained complex structural rearrangement involving loss gain two GYPB-A hybrid genes, which encode...
Abstract Malaria infections occurring below the limit of detection standard diagnostics are common in all endemic settings. However, key questions remain surrounding their contribution to sustaining transmission and whether they need be detected targeted achieve malaria elimination. In this study we analyse a range datasets quantify density, detectability, course infection infectiousness subpatent infections. Asymptomatically infected individuals have lower parasite densities on average low...
Abstract The human genetic factors that affect resistance to infectious disease are poorly understood. Here we report a genome-wide association study in 17,000 severe malaria cases and population controls from 11 countries, informed by sequencing of family trios direct typing candidate loci an additional 15,000 samples. We identify five replicable associations with levels evidence including newly implicated variant on chromosome 6. Jointly, these variants account for around one-tenth the...
The development of an effective malaria vaccine depends upon identification antigens that are targets protective immune responses. An immunoepidemiologic approach has been used to investigate the relationship between antibody responses a defined region major merozoite surface protein Plasmodiumjalciparum (PfMSP-119) and resistance clinical in 2 populations children from West Africa. After allowing for confounding effects age, antibodies PfMSP-119 were shown provide ∼40% protection against...
Abstract In areas of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission, clinical immunity is acquired during childhood, and adults enjoy substantial protection against malaria. An exception to this rule pregnant women, in whom malaria both more prevalent severe than nonpregnant women. Pregnancy-associated (PAM) endemic concentrated the first few pregnancies, indicating that protective PAM a function parity. The placenta often heavily infected PAM, placental parasites show striking preference for...
Abstract To determine the potential contribution of innate immune responses to early proinflammatory cytokine response Plasmodium falciparum malaria, we have examined kinetics and cellular sources IFN-γ production in human PBMC activation by intact, infected RBC (iRBC) or freeze-thaw lysates P. schizonts. Infected erythrocytes induce a more rapid intense from malaria-naive than do schizont correlating with iRBC CD3−CD56+ NK cell population produce IFN-γ. IFN-γ+ cells are detectable within 6...
The outcome of malaria infection is determined, in part, by the balance pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. Failure to develop an effective response can lead unrestricted parasite replication, whilst failure regulate this leads development severe immunopathology. IL-10 TGF-beta are known be important components response, but cellular source these cytokines still unknown. Here we have examined role natural adaptive T cells control find that classical CD4+CD25(hi) (and Foxp3+) do...