While the neural and mechanical effects of whole nerve cutaneous stimulation on human locomotion have been previously studied, there is less information about evoked by activation discrete skin regions sole foot. Electrical foot evokes position-modulated patterns reflexes in muscles acting at ankle during standing but data walking are lacking. Here, non-noxious electrical was delivered to five locations (heel, medial lateral sites midfoot forefoot) treadmill walking. EMG activity from hip,...

Training locomotor central pattern-generating networks (CPGs) through arm and leg cycling improves walking in chronic stroke. These outcomes are presumed to result from enhanced interlimb connectivity CPG function. The extent which rhythmic training activates for locomotion remains unclear was assessed by studying stroke participants before after 5 wk of training. Strength bilaterally via maximal voluntary isometric contractions the legs hands. Muscle activation during transfer treadmill...

The purpose of this study was to apply cross-education during 4 wk unilateral limb immobilization using a shoulder sling and swathe investigate the effects on muscle strength, size, activation. Twenty-five right-handed participants were assigned one three groups as follows: Immob + Train group wore strength trained (n = 8), did not train Control received no treatment 9). Immobilization applied nondominant (left) arm. Strength training consisted maximal isometric elbow flexion extension...

The purpose of this study was to assess cortical activation associated with the cross-education effect an immobilized limb, using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Fourteen right-handed participants were assigned two groups. One group (n = 7) wore a cast and strength trained free arm (CAST-TRAIN). second did not train (CAST). Casts applied nondominant (left) wrist hand. Strength training maximal isometric handgrip contractions (right hand) 5 d·wk(-1). Peak force (handgrip dynamometer),...

Abstract Schwanbeck, SR, Cornish, SM, Barss, T, and Chilibeck, PD. Effects of training with free weights versus machines on muscle mass, strength, testosterone, cortisol levels. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1851–1859, 2020—Free offer a more unstable environment, which enhances recruitment, whereas some have the advantage using “cam” pulley system that better matches strength curves. We compared effect vs. concentrations. Forty-six subjects (26 women; 22 ± 3 years) were randomized to train or...

Rhythmic arm and leg (A&L) movements share common elements of neural control. The extent to which A&L cycling training can lead adaptations transfer improved walking function remains untested. purpose this study was test the efficacy as a modality improve locomotor after stroke. Nineteen chronic stroke (>six months) participants were recruited performed 30 minutes three times week for five weeks. Changes in assessed with (1) clinical tests; (2) strength during isometric...

It has been established that coordinated arm and leg (A&L) cycling facilitates corticospinal drive modulation of cervico-lumbar connectivity ultimately improves overground walking in people with incomplete spinal cord injury or stroke. This study examined the effect noninvasive transcutaneous stimulation (tSCS) on connectivity. Thirteen neurologically intact adults participated study. The excitability Hoffmann (H) reflex elicited soleus muscle was under multiple conditions involving...

Coupling between cervical and lumbar spinal networks (cervico-lumbar coupling) is vital during human locomotion. Impaired cervico-lumbar coupling after neural injuries or diseases can be reengaged via simultaneous arm leg cycling training. Sensorimotor circuitry including may further enhanced by non-invasive modulation of circuity using transcutaneous cord stimulation (tSCS). This project aimed to determine the effect cervical, lumbar, combined tSCS on reflex (Hoffmann [H-]) corticospinal...

The ability to walk is often lost after neural injury, leading multiple secondary complications that reduce quality of life and increase healthcare costs. current rehabilitation interventions primarily focus on restoring leg movements through intensive training a treadmill or using robotic devices, but ignore engaging the arms. Several groups have recently shown simultaneous arm (A&L) cycling improves walking function interlimb connectivity. These findings highlight importance neuronal...

Neural connections remain partially viable after stroke, and access to these residual provides a substrate for training-induced plasticity. The objective of this project was test if reflex excitability could be modified with arm leg (A & L) cycling training. Nineteen individuals chronic stroke (more than six months postlesion) performed 30 min A L training three times week five weeks. Changes in were inferred from modulation cutaneous stretch reflexes. multiple baseline (three pretests)...

Compression apparel is popular in both medical and sport performance settings. Perceived benefits are suggested to include changes sensory feedback transmission caused by activation of mechanoreceptors. However, little known about effects compression on sensorimotor control. Our purpose was mechanistically examine whether modulates reaching accuracy the upper limb. Two experiments were completed under CONTROL COMPRESSION (sleeve applied across elbow joint) conditions. M-waves H-reflexes...

The metabolic and performance benefits of prior consumption low-glycaemic index (GI) meals v. high-GI were determined in extended high-intensity intermittent exercise. Participants (ten males four females, aged 25·8 ( sd 7·3) years) completed two testing days (each consisting back-to-back 90-min treadmill running protocols separated by 3 h) spaced at least 7 d. Using a randomised counterbalanced cross-over design, low-GI, lentil-based (GI about 42) or high-GI, potato-based 78) matched for...

Presynaptic inhibition of transmission between Ia afferent terminals and alpha motoneurons (Ia PSI) is a major control mechanism associated with soleus H-reflex modulation during human locomotion. Rhythmic arm cycling suppresses amplitude by increasing segmental PSI. There reciprocal organization in the nervous system such that modulates H-reflexes leg muscles forearm muscles. However, comparatively little known about mechanisms subserving effects from to arm. Using conditioning-test (C-T)...

"Cross-education" is the increase in strength or functional performance of an untrained limb after unilateral training. A major limitation for clinical translation from injury includes knowledge on minimum time emergence crossed effects. Therefore, primary purpose was to characterize course bilateral changes during both "traditional" ( n = 11) and "daily" 8) handgrip training neurologically intact participants. Traditional included five sets maximal voluntary contractions 3 times/wk 6 wk...

Abstract Background Widespread interlimb reflexes evoked in leg muscles by cutaneous stimulation of the hand are phase-modulated and behaviorally relevant to produce functional changes ankle trajectory during walking. These complementary segmental responses at ankle. Despite differences expression reflex amplitude based upon site nerve stimulation, there some common features as well, suggesting possibility shared interneuronal pathways. Currently little is known about integration or systems...

The basic pattern of arm and leg movement during rhythmic locomotor tasks is supported by common central neural control from spinal supraspinal centers in neurologically intact participants. purpose this study was to test the hypothesis that following a cerebrovascular accident, shared systems interlimb cutaneous networks facilitating coordination persist across tasks. Twelve stroke participants (>6 months post CVA) performed (A&L) cycling using stationary ergometer walking on motorized...

The use of upper limb vibration (ULV) during exercise and rehabilitation continues to gain popularity as a modality improve function performance. Currently, lack knowledge the pathways being altered ULV limits its effective implementation. Therefore, aim this study was investigate whether indirect modulates transmission along spinal corticospinal that control human forearm. All measures were assessed under CONTROL (no vibration) (30 Hz; 0.4 mm displacement) conditions while participants...

A bout of eccentric exercise (ECC) has the protective effect reducing muscle damage during a subsequent ECC known as "repeated effect" (RBE). The purpose this study was to determine if RBE is greater when both bouts are performed using same vs. different velocity contraction. Thirty-one right-handed participants were randomly assigned perform an initial either fast (3.14 rad·s [180°·s]) or slow (0.52 [30°·s]) maximal isokinetic ECCs elbow flexors. Three weeks later, completed another at (n =...

During walking, cutaneous reflexes in ankle flexor muscle [tibialis anterior (TA)] evoked by tibial nerve (TIB) stimulation are predominantly facilitatory at early swing phase but reverse to suppression late phase. Although the TIB innervates a large portion of skin foot sole, extent which specific foot-sole regions contribute reflex reversals during walking remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated regional contributions from discrete portions sole on reversal TA following walking....

Peak aerobic power (VO2peak) is decreased after blood donation, but the time course for full recovery unknown. We measured VO2peak and exercise to fatigue before weekly 4 weeks 450-ml donation at a donor clinic, determine of recovery. Twelve moderately active individuals (2 women, 10 men; 24.3 ± 5.2 years) average fitness (based on their relative normative values) completed tests day intervals donation. was determined by an incremental test cycle ergometer. At baseline, mean absolute values...