A5087093717- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Sex work and related issues
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Oregon Health & Science University
2015-2025
Oregon Medical Research Center
2021-2023
Office of Infectious Diseases
2023
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2013-2021
Ministry of Public Health
2013-2021
University of Portland
2021
Fred Hutch Cancer Center
2009-2020
Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science
2019
CDC Foundation
2017
Department of Disease Control
2015
Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines effectively reduce overall morbidity and mortality are vitally important to controlling the pandemic. Individuals who previously recovered from COVID-19 have enhanced immune responses after vaccination (hybrid immunity) compared with their naïve-vaccinated peers; however, effects of post-vaccination breakthrough infections on humoral response remain be determined. Here, we measure neutralizing antibody 104 vaccinated individuals, including...
SARS-CoV-2 and its variants continue to infect hundreds of thousands every day despite the rollout effective vaccines. Therefore, it is essential understand levels protection that these vaccines provide in face emerging variants. Here, we report two demographically balanced cohorts BNT162b2 vaccine recipients COVID-19 patients, from which evaluate neutralizing antibody titers against as well B.1.1.7 (alpha) B.1.351 (beta) We show both are less neutralized by serum vaccinated individuals,...
Vaccination with 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) reportedly provides 95% protection from COVID-19. 1 However, patient age is known to contribute risk
Association of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Risk Breakthrough Following mRNA Vaccination in Qatar
Background Mean duration of recent infection (MDRI) and misclassification long-term HIV-1 infections, as proportion false (PFR), are critical parameters for laboratory-based assays estimating incidence. Recent review the data by us others indicated that MDRI LAg-Avidity EIA estimated previously required recalibration. We present here results recalibration efforts using >250 seroconversion panels multiple statistical methods to ensure accuracy consensus. Methods A total 2737 longitudinal...
Objective: To describe participant adherence to daily oral tenofovir in an HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trial, examine factors associated with adherence, and assess the impact of on risk infection. Design: The Bangkok Tenofovir Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted among people who inject drugs, 2005–2012. Methods: Participants chose visits or monthly visits. nurses observed participants swallow study drug both initialed diary. We assessed using...
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2 will be important globally. Official weekly cases have not dropped below 2 million since September of 2020, and continued emergence novel variants has created a moving target for our immune systems public health alike. The temporal aspects immunity, particularly from repeated vaccination infection, are less well understood than short-term vaccine efficacy. In this study, we explored effect combined also known as hybrid...
The V3 loop of the HIV-1 Env protein is primary determinant viral coreceptor usage, whereas V1V2 region thought to influence binding and participate in shielding neutralization-sensitive regions glycoprotein gp120 from antibody responses. functional properties antigenicity are influenced by changes amino acid sequence, sequence length patterns N-linked glycosylation. However, how these polymorphisms relate HIV pathogenesis not fully understood. We examined 5185 nucleotide fragments clinical...
Each severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant renews concerns about decreased vaccine neutralization weakening efficacy. However, while prevention of infection varies, protection from disease remains and implicates immunity beyond in Polyclonal antibodies function through Fab domains that neutralize virus Fc induce non-neutralizing responses via engagement receptors on immune cells. To understand how vaccines promote protection, we leverage sera 51 SARS-CoV-2...
BACKGROUND. Vaccination is typically administered without regard to site of prior vaccination but this factor may substantially impact downstream immune responses.
Selecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sequences for inclusion within vaccines has been a difficult problem, as circulating HIV strains evolve relentlessly and become increasingly divergent over time. We report an assessment of this divergence from three perspectives: (i) across different hosts function time infection, (ii) between donors recipients in known transmission pairs, (iii) individual relation to the initially replicating deduced ancestral sequence intrahost viral population....
Prevention of rectal HIV transmission is a high-priority goal for vaccines and topical microbicides because large fraction transmissions occurs rectally. Yet, little known about the specific target-cell milieu in human rectum other than inferences made from colon.We conducted comprehensive comparative situ fluorescence study target cells (CCR5-expressing T cells, macrophages, putative dendritic cells) at 4 30 cm proximal anal canal 29 healthy individuals, using computerized analysis...
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir) has been associated with renal dysfunction in people infected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. We reviewed data from an HIV preexposure prophylaxis trial to determine if tenofovir use was changes function HIV-uninfected population.
Nondaily dosing of oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may provide equivalent coverage sex events compared with daily dosing. At-risk men and transgender women who have were randomly assigned to 1 3 regimens: tablet daily, twice weekly a postsex dose (time-driven), or before after (event-driven), followed for pre- measured by self-report, drug concentrations, electronic monitoring. From July 2012 May 2014, 357 participants randomized. In Bangkok, the was 85% arm 84% time-driven (P = .79) 74%...
Because novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, immunogenicity of XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccines against live clinical isolates needs be evaluated. We report boosting IgG (2.1×), IgA (1.5×), and total IgG/A/M (1.7×) targeting the spike receptor-binding domain neutralizing titers WA1 (2.2×), (7.4×), EG.5.1 (10.5×), JN.1 (4.7×) variants.
In Brief Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection are prevalent among men who have sex with (MSM) may infect multiple anatomic sites. We measured site-specific prevalence correlates of CT NG Bangkok MSM Cohort Study participants. Methods April 2006 to November 2010, 1744 enrolled in the Study. Participants provided historical information underwent physical examination. Rectal, urethral, pharyngeal screening were performed by nucleic acid amplification...
Abstract We compared the serum neutralizing antibody titers before and after two doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in ten individuals who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination 20 with no history infection, against clinical isolates B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, original virus. Vaccination boosted pre-existing levels anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies 10-fold previously infected individuals, but not significantly higher than those uninfected vaccinees. However, increased vaccinees...
Abstract We tested human sera from large, demographically balanced cohorts of BNT162b2 vaccine recipients (n=51) and COVID-19 patients (n=44) for neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 B.1.351. Although the effect is more pronounced in cohort, both B.1.351 show significantly reduced levels neutralization by vaccinated convalescent sera. Age negatively correlated with vaccinee, variant-specific RBD are proportional to activities.
Bivalent mRNA vaccines were recommended since September 2022. However, coverage with a recent vaccine dose has been limited, and there are few robust estimates of bivalent VE against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). We estimated COVID-19 among eligible U.S. healthcare personnel who had previously received monovalent doses.