Abstract Dynastinae are among the most diverse groups of scarab beetles, with body sizes ranging from 10 to 225 mm. People often focus on larger male beetles prominent horns, while smaller species, particularly their larvae, frequently overlooked. In this study, final‐instar larvae Eophileurus chinensis were observed and described using scanning electron microscopy. The notable for coarse punctures head capsule, paired angular processes labrum, a truncate process haptomerum, mandibles left...

Larval characters play a significant role in evolutionary and systematic studies of holometabolous insects. However, Panorpodidae, derived family Mecoptera, are largely unknown their immature stages to date. Here, the first instar larva short-faced scorpionfly Panorpodes kuandianensis Zhong, Zhang & Hua, 2011 is described illustrated using light scanning electron microscopy. The remarkable for absence compound eyes on head presence seven small unpaired proleg-like processes along midventral...

Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in world, but how this diversity was achieved is still a disputable and unsatisfactorily resolved issue. In paper, we investigated correlations habitat preferences morphological traits larval Panorpidae phylogenetic context to unravel driving forces underlying evolution traits. The results show that anatomical features shared by monophyletic groups synapomorphies. However, phenotypes body colorations paraphyletic assemblages, implying they...

Papilionidae, swallow-tailed butterflies, attract the attention of biologists for importance their ecological and evolutionary study. Papilionidae are peculiar among Lepidoptera larvae bearing a Y-shaped eversible osmeterium on prothorax. However, morphological study especially in terms osmeteria, far from satisfactory. In this study, larval ultramorphology Sericinus montela was described using scanning electron microscopy after novel method sample preservation. Larvae S. 15 teeth incisor,...

Abstract Larvae of Melolonthinae (white grubs) are usually considered as serious pests for some them attacking plant roots and causing great losses agriculture forestry. However, not all the white grubs pest species. In this study, adult Apogonia cupreoviridis were observed to feed on gramineous grasses fallen ginkgo leaves, while their larvae frequently collected in lawn. The reared laboratory using scanning electron microscopy. have plegmatia expanded middle; distal antennomere with an...

Rutelini is one of the largest tribes Rutelinae, widely distributed but primarily in New World. Recently, both larvae and adults Parastasia ferrieri had been discovered Liaoning Province northeastern China from Palearctic realm. The third-instar P. were described using light scanning electron microscopy order to discover more morphological characters for larval taxonomy. exhibit remarkable features, including four protuberances on labrum, no helus epipharynx, two scissorial teeth each...

The immature stages of the scorpionfly Panorpa liui Hua were obtained through rearing. egg, larva and pupa observed using light scanning electron microscopy with special reference to chaetotaxy first instar pupa. is eruciform type, three pairs thoracic legs eight abdominal prolegs. head bears a pair compound eyes, each which consists 26 ommatidia. A fleshy tibial lobe borne distally on mesal side tibia legs. telson protrusile sucker four anal forks. exarate decticous sexual dimorphism in...

The responses of foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry to nutrient additions are important indicators various ecological processes, especially under climate change. However, how affect N P from species community levels remain unclear, in P-limited systems. In this study, we conducted a experiment with control, addition, NP addition treatments subtropical forest examine the effects on stoichiometry. Our results showed that did not significantly influence concentration seven...

Abstract Aphodiinae are a large cosmopolitan subfamily of Scarab beetles (Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae), playing an important role during dung decomposition. Many aspects, especially immature stages, these have not yet been recorded due to their comparative small body sizes and lacking striking rolling behavior. In this study, the third instar larva Colobopterus quadratus is morphologically described using scanning electron microscopy. The atypical for combination following morphological...

Abstract Melolonthinae are the largest subfamily of Scarabaeidae, considered as serious pests for their larvae attacking plant roots and tubers. The edaphic difficult to be identified because study on larval taxonomy is far from satisfactory. In this study, multivoltine white grubs Melolontha incana (Motschulsky, 1853) were investigated using light scanning electron microscopy, in order provide more morphological characters pest identification. atypical epipharynx bearing 14 heli arranged...

The first-instar larva of the hanging-fly Bittacus trapezoideus Huang & Hua, 2005 is described using scanning electron microscopy for first time. eruciform bears three pairs thoracic legs and eight abdominal prolegs. Like other species family Bittacidae, larval head remarkable bearing a median ocellus frontally pair compound eyes laterally. Each eye consists seven ommatidia. trunk symmetrically furnished with furcated protuberances. B. diagnostic short brush-shaped setae on dorsal In...

Abstract Cetoniinae is one of the showiest scarab groups, exhibiting bright‐metallic body colors, and usually attract great attention from entomologists amateur collectors. Larvae show dramatically diversity on morphology living habits. Although being considered best‐studied groups Scarabaeidae, larvae have been described for less than 5% species to known Cetoniinae. In this study, final instar larva Lasiotrichius succinctus hananoi was using scanning electron microscopy. The are peculiar...