A5038435813- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Gut microbiota and health
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Plant and animal studies
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Marine animal studies overview
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Pharmacological Effects and Assays
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- ICT Impact and Policies
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Leech Biology and Applications
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
The University of Texas at Austin
2015-2024
International Union for Conservation of Nature
2024
New York Academy of Sciences
2022
John Wiley & Sons (United States)
2022
Hudson Institute
2022
University of Leicester
2013-2015
INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Center
2014
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
2009
Duke University
2002-2005
Abbotsford Veterinary Clinic
1991
In wild primates, social behaviour influences exposure to environmentally acquired and directly transmitted microorganisms. Prior studies indicate that gut microbiota reflect pairwise interactions among chimpanzee baboon hosts. Here, we demonstrate higher-order network structure—beyond just interactions—drives bacterial composition in lemurs, which live smaller more cohesive groups than previously studied anthropoid species. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of grooming contacts,...
Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological constraints limit its plasticity? We test 'invariant ageing' hypothesis, which posits that ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven genera. first recapitulate, in primates, highly regular relationship between life expectancy lifespan equality seen humans. next demonstrate variation genera orders magnitude smaller than pre-adult age-independent mortality....
Abstract The gut microbiomes of mammals appear to mirror their hosts’ phylogeny, suggesting host-driven microbial community assembly. Yet, much this evidence stems from comparative studies distinct wild or captive populations that lack data for disentangling the relative influences shared phylogeny and environment. Here, we present phylogenetic multivariate analyses six sympatric (i.e., co-occurring) mammal species inhabiting a 1-km2 area in western Madagascar—three lemur three non-primate...
Abstract Conservation funding is currently limited; cost‐effective conservation solutions are essential. We suggest that the thousands of field stations worldwide can play key roles at frontline biodiversity and have high intrinsic value. assessed stations’ return on investment explored impact COVID‐19. surveyed leaders across tropical regions host primate research; 157 in 56 countries responded. Respondents reported improved habitat quality reduced hunting rates over 80% lower operational...
Mammals that live in seasonal environments may adjust their reproductive cycles to cope with fluctuations food availability. Because lemurs Madagascar experience highly variation availability, we examined the effects of fluctuating availability on body condition and reproduction one larger living species, Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi), Kirindy Forest western Madagascar. Seven years demographic data were combined an intensive study 25 individuals over course 18 months....
ABSTRACT Cyclones, which change tree communities and alter forest structure, are thought to have had a significant selective pressure on the flora fauna of Madagascar. Very little information, however, is available actual impact cyclones Malagasy ecosystems. On 21 January 2009, Cyclone Fanele made landfall western coast Madagascar with sustained winds 185 km/h. We examined immediate effects cyclone tropical dry structure in Kirindy Mitea National Park. In July August we measured height,...
Abstract Documenting the natural diversity of eukaryotic organisms in nonhuman primate (NHP) gut is important for understanding evolution mammalian microbiome, its role digestion, health and disease, consequences anthropogenic change on biology conservation. Despite ecological significance gut-associated eukaryotes, little known about factors that influence their assembly mammals. In this study, we used an 18S rRNA gene fragment metabarcoding approach to assess assemblage 62 individuals...
Primates acquire gut microbiota from conspecifics through direct social contact and shared environmental exposures. Host behaviour is a prominent force in structuring microbial communities, yet the extent to which group or individual-level forces shape long-term dynamics of poorly understood. We investigated effects three aspects host sociality (social groupings, dyadic interactions, individual dispersal between groups) on microbiome composition plasticity 58 wild Verreaux's sifaka...
A great blue heron colony located near a pulp mill in British Columbia failed to fledge young 1987, with concurrent sharp increase polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels their eggs. In 1988 we tested the hypothesis that PCDD PCDF contamination caused reproductive failure by increasing mortality of embryos ovo. Pairs eggs were collected from three colonies low, intermediate, high dioxin contamination: Nicomekl, Vancouver, Crofton, respectively. One egg each...
Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust (DWCT) has conducted since 1994 several census' on the population of Alaotran gentle lemur to observe development in time and space.
Thorlief Schjelderup-Ebbe's seminal paper on the 'pecking' order of chickens inspired numerous ethologists to research and debate phenomenon dominance. The expansion dominance broader concept power facilitated disentangling aggression, strength, rank power. Aggression is only one means coercing other individuals, can sometimes highlight a lack fitness advantages aggression may outweigh costs during periods uncertainty. Effective instruments also include incentives refusals act. Moreover,...
Male and female interests can either be in conflict or serve as a basis for exchange. Communication is thus an important aspect of intersexual relationships. Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi verreauxi), like many prosimians, uses chemical signals one form communication. The goals this study were to determine 1) if males females exhibit sex differences their scent-marking behavior, 2) example mating cooperation. All occurrences scent-marks, scent-mark context, style collected on 23...
Abstract Many aspects of mammalian visual anatomy vary with activity pattern, reflecting the divergent selective pressures imposed by low light and high environments. However, ambient intensity can also differ substantially between within habitats due to differences in foliage density. We explored effects interhabitat intrahabitat variation on anatomy. Data relative cornea size, habitat type were collected from literature for 209 terrestrial mammal species. In general, size significantly...
The spatiotemporal distribution of females is thought to drive variation in mating systems, and hence plays a central role understanding animal behavior, ecology evolution. Previous research has focused on investigating the links between female number males haplorhine primates. However, important questions remain concerning importance spatial cohesion, generality pattern across strepsirrhine primates, consistency previous findings given phylogenetic uncertainty. To address these issues, we...
Abstract In some primate lineages, polymorphisms in the X-linked M / LWS opsin gene have produced intraspecific variation color vision. these species, heterozygous females exhibit trichromacy, while males and homozygous dichromacy. The evolutionary persistence of suggests that balancing selection maintains vision variation, possibly through a ‘trichromat advantage’ detecting yellow/orange/red foods against foliage. We identified genetic evidence polymorphic trichromacy population Verreaux’s...
Human lung mast cells (HLMCs) play a central role in asthma pathogenesis through their relocation to the airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundles. β2 adrenoceptor (β2-AR)-agonists are used relieve bronchoconstriction asthma, but may reduce control, particularly when as monotherapy. We hypothesized that HLMC and human ASM cell (HASMC) responsiveness β2-AR agonists would be attenuated HLMCs contact with HASMCs. Cells were cultured presence of short-acting β2-agonist albuterol, long-acting...
Sex-biased power structures are common in human and nonhuman primate societies. “Female dominance” is a term applied to wide range of female-biased structures. However, the full extent this variation remains obscure because an adequate vocabulary has not been adopted consistently. Female occurs throughout primates other animals, even male-dominant societies, but legacy patriarchy persists primatologists’ use language implicit assumptions about intersexual power. While explanations for...
Cyclones have been suggested to play a major role in the evolutionary history of flora and fauna Madagascar (Wright 1999). In spite proposed significance cyclonic activity, very little is known about specific effects cyclones on Malagasy ecosystems (Birkinshaw & Randrianjanahary 2007). Understanding these severe natural disturbances requires comparing data collected both before after event. Because are stochastic, researching influence Madagascar's biodiversity difficult opportunities...
Evaluation of the health, prevalence, and incidence diseases in wild populations is a critical component wildlife management. In addition, establishment reference physiologic parameters can contribute to assessment population risks. Complete medical evaluations were performed on 33 Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) from Kirindy Mitea National Park, Madagascar, during two field captures June 2010 2011. Each animal received complete physical examination: weight, body temperature, heart...