Adverse early-life experience such as depriving the relationship between parents and children induces permanent phenotypic changes, impairs cognitive functions associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we used rat neonatal maternal separation (NMS) model to illuminate whether how NMS in early life affects functions, what cellular molecular is. We showed that pups separated from their dam 3 h daily during first postnatal weeks alters...

Abstract The advance of genetic function indicators has enabled the observation neuronal activities at single-cell resolutions. A major challenge for applications on mammalian brains is limited optical access depth. Currently, method choice to deep brain structures insert miniature components. Among these validated optics, gradient-index (GRIN) lens been widely employed its compactness and simplicity. However, due strong fourth-order astigmatism, GRIN lenses suffer from a small imaging field...

Neural modulation plays a major role in delineating the circuit mechanisms and serves as cornerstone of neural interface technologies. Among various mechanisms, ultrasound enables noninvasive label-free deep access to mammalian brain tissue. To date, most if not all ultrasonic implementations are based on ∼1 MHz carrier frequency. The long acoustic wavelength results spatially coarse zone, often spanning over multiple function regions. one region is inevitably linked with its neighboring...

Abstract To understand the function and mechanism of biological systems, it is crucial to observe cellular dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolutions within live animals. The recent advances in genetically encoded indicators have significantly improved response rate a near millisecond time scale. However, widely employed vivo imaging systems often lack temporal solution capture fast dynamics. broadly enable capability high-speed deep-tissue imaging, we developed an optical gearbox. As...

For better understanding of brain functions, optogenetic neural modulation has been widely employed in science research. deep tissue vivo applications, large-scale two-photon based near simultaneous 3D laser excitation is needed. Although holographic nowadays common practice, the inherent short coherence length commonly used femtosecond pulses fundamentally restricts achievable field-of-view. Here we report a technique for excitation. Specifically, achieved over 1.3 mm field-of-view within...

Targeted cell ablation is an important strategy for dissecting the function of individual cells within biological tissues. Here we developed amplified femtosecond laser-coupled two-photon microscopy (AFL-TPM) system that allows instantaneous and targeted real-time monitoring neuronal network changes in living mouse cortex. Through precise iterative control laser power position, could be ablated by a single light pulse with minimum collateral damage. We further show somatostatin-expressing...

Laser scanning has been widely used in material processing and optical imaging. Among the established scanners, resonant galvo scanners offer high throughput 100% duty cycle have employed various laser microscopes. However, common applications of often suffer from position jitters which could introduce substantial measurement artifacts. In this work, we systematically quantify impact sensor, data acquisition system air turbulence provide a simple solution to achieve jitter free...

Phosphorescence lifetime measurement holds great importance in life sciences and material sciences. Due to the long of phosphorescence emission, conventional approaches based on point scanning time-domain recording suffer from time low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To overcome these difficulties, we developed a line mechanical streak camera for parallel high SNR imaging. This design offers three key advantages. First, hundreds thousands pixels can be recorded simultaneously at throughput....

Laser scanning is widely employed in imaging and material processing. Common laser scanners are often fast for 2D transverse scanning. Rapid focal depth control highly desired many applications. Although remote focusing has been developed to achieve control, the implementation limited by damage actuator near focus. Here, we present a new method named pupil plane actuated focusing, which enables sub-millisecond response time while avoiding damage. We demonstrate its application implementing...

While BOLD-based fMRI can non-invasively map whole brain activation and connectivity in humans animals, the BOLD signal provides only an indirect measure of neural activity, its cellular neurophysiological origins remain not fully understood. We have developed a multi-scale neuroimaging modality allowing simultaneous two-photon microscopic imaging (TPMI) on mice brains at UHF (16.4T). With virus injection GCaMP6s into mouse brain, for first time, we successfully obtained functional MR images...

Wide field fluorescence microscopy is the most commonly employed imaging modality. However, a major drawback of wide very limited depth in scattering samples. By experimentally varying control illumination, we found that optimized illumination profile can lead to large contrast improvement for at beyond four path lengths. At such depth, achieved image signal-to-noise ratio rival confocal measurement. As simple, method be broadly applied variety systems.

Abstract Targeted cell ablation is an important strategy for dissecting the function of individual cells within biological tissues. Here we developed amplified femtosecond laser-coupled two-photon microscopy (AFL-TPM) system that allows instantaneous and targeted real-time monitoring neuronal network changes in living mouse cortex. Through precise iterative control laser power position, could be ablated by a single light pulse with minimum collateral damage. We further show...

To understand neural circuit mechanisms underlying behavior, it is crucial to observe the dynamics of neuronal structure and function in different parts brain. Current imaging technologies allow cellular resolution neurons within ~1 millimeter below cortical surface. Even for mice, majority brain tissue remains inaccessible. Although miniature optical probes access deep regions, cellular-resolution restricted a small volume. drastically increase volume enable high-throughput neurophotonic...

Abstract Background Microglia are the main innate immune cells capable of engulfing dead and cellular debris in brain. Trem2 receptor is expressed microglia plays an important role phagocytosis. This has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease involved uptake amyloid plaques by microglia. However, how engulf this process remain unclear. Method We used two‐photon microscopy image primary motor cortex Cx3cr1 gfp/+ mice, :Trem2 ‐/‐ R47H/+ Thy GCaMP6 mice. These mice were placed on a custom made,...

Laser scanning multiphoton microscopy is widely used in biomedical research. The commonly available system can support a frame rate of up to tens Hz. Recent advances function indicators demand hundreds Hz, beyond the capabilities common systems. Although few novel solutions have been developed recently, they often require highly specialized sources and hardware. To broadly enable high-speed imaging, we an optical gearbox that compatible with Here, present results based vivo functional imaging.

Laser scanning multiphoton microscopy is widely used for in vivo imaging applications. Commonly employed systems can offer an rate of tens Hz. With the emergence high-speed function indicators, at hundreds Hz required. Recently, we developed optical gearbox, which convert commonly and sources with a frame ranging from to 1,000 Here, present our latest work showcases performance gearbox based two-photon laser neuronal vascular dynamics mouse brain.

Abstract The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ATP-binding chloride channel that regulated by intracellular cAMP/PKA phosphorylation. CFTR widely expressed in peripheral tissues and organs of mammals plays a vital role maintaining balance cellular homeostasis. While preliminary studies have identified expression the central nervous system (CNS), it not clear whether this also modulates neural network cerebral cortex regulating level neurons. In study, we...

To investigate deep brain region, miniature optical probes are required. We report Clear Optically Matched Panoramic Access Channel Technique (COMPACT), which can effectively increase the probe’s tissue access volume by ~ three orders of magnitude.

Abstract In the comment on article [Optica 8, 12 (2021)], authors performed theoretical calculation to show that with a 1.1 NA objective and 140 fs laser pulses single pulse energy of 2.2 nJ, 80 MHz repetition rate, focal point temperature rises 0.3 K reaches equilibrium after 100 μs in water. They suggest damage brain tissue by could not be caused thermal effects but rather plasma-mediated chemical effects. To quantify accumulation due illumination living animals, we used thermocouple...